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The Nong Pa Fa Cave manuscripts are quite old and one of them dates back to 2112 BE (1569 CE), or 441 years, which is extremely rare for a palm-leaf manuscript. The oldest manuscript, however, is kept

The Nong Pa Fa Cave manuscripts are ancient, with one dating back to 2112 BE (1569 CE). The oldest, from 1520 CE, resides in Luang Prabang. These writings in a Lao variant of Dhamma script include a c

Dhammakāya in the Pali Canon¹ Chanida Jantrasisalai

Most of them refer only to the Aggañña-sutta passage, 4 missing out the three Apadāna references. 5 The reason could be either that the scholars concerned have taken the aforementioned text as represe

This paper examines the overlooked references to dhammarāya in the Pali canon, emphasizing a context not previously presented. It critiques the tendency to categorize texts strictly as ‘early Buddhism

II. The Different Approach A fairly established academic understanding has settled regarding the term dhammakāya in the Pali canon, that it was used merely in the sense of the ‘Buddha’s teachings.’ In

The term 'dhammakāya' in the Pali canon is understood as representing the Buddha's teachings. It is established through several canonical passages that equate the Buddha with dhamma. Notable reference

III. References to 'Dhammakāya' in the Pāli Canon In the Pali canon, the term dhammakāya appears four times: once in the Aggiāṇā-sutta of the Dīgha-nikāya and three more times in Apadāna literature.

In the Pāli Canon, the term 'dhammakāya' is found four times, significantly in the Aggiāṇā-sutta and Apadāna literature. It serves various roles including a designation for the Tathāgata and associati

Points to Consider It may be observed that the difference in previous scholarly interpretations of the term dhammakāya in this passage mainly pertains to the inter-relatedness of two distinctive meani

This text delves into scholarly interpretations of the term 'dhammakāya', emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of 'dhamma' as both a realized reality and a verbal expression. It identifies

Saddhā: Criterion of being the Tathāgata's Son The first point to be looked at is the criterion of being the Buddha’s ‘true son’ which is, in this passage, defined by means of his irremovable confiden

This text discusses the criterion of being the Tathāgata's son, emphasizing the irremovable confidence (saddhā) in the Buddha. It defines this confidence as settled and unchangeable despite external i

Vin.II.192, A.IV.186, 210, 213 Just as a piece of clean cloth that is deprived of dirt would well-absorb the dye, the pure and clear eye of dhamma (dhammacakku) arose to the man, on that current seat

The text discusses the qualities of noble disciples in Buddhism, emphasizing the importance of clear perception of dhamma and the eradication of doubts and fetters. It describes the transformation exp

Implications of Parallel Descriptions of Monks and Brahmins As Gombrich points out, the passage in question is comparable to the Brahmins’ claim:46 brahmanā va brahmuo putṭā orasā mukhato jāta brahma

The text delves into how Gombrich compares the descriptions of Brahmins and Monks, emphasizing the dual interpretations of the term 'brahma-' as both the masculine creator and the neuter ultimate real

No. | Brahmins (D.III.81) | Noble Disciples (D.III.84) | Implied Parallel ---|------------------------|---------------------------|------------------------ 1. | Brahma's children | Tathägata's sons |

The text presents a comparative analysis between Brahmins and Noble Disciples, highlighting their similarities in mythical and spiritual parental origins. It details how both are seen as offsprings of

1. The Tathāgata and Brahmā,48 the creator god 2. The Tathāgata's mouth (verbal teaching) & Brahmā mouth. 3. The dhamma and Brahmā, the creator god; or The dhamma and Brahman, the ultimate reality. I

This passage delves into the nuanced relationships between the Tathāgata and Brahmā, highlighting the semantic layers present in verbal teachings. It contrasts the Tathāgata's mouth with Brahmā's, ind

In the case that ‘brahma-’ refers to the masculine ‘Brahma’ In case of the term ‘brahma-’ in the three compounds50 being translated as a masculine ‘Brahma,’51 the comparison of the first and the third

In this text, the term 'brahma-' is analyzed in the context of its translation as the masculine 'Brahma.' It discusses how the comparison between the Tathāgata and the Brahma, the creator, illustrates

refer to something which 'transforms' the person into noble states, so that itself is comparable to the creator. At the same time, it must refer also to the shared or same kind of qualities or essence

This text delves into the concept of transformation in Buddhist philosophy, specifically through the Noble Eightfold Path. It highlights how this path aids in the eradication of defilements, enabling

With regard to dhamma as the 'essence' of the Buddha and Arhat disciples, however, it may be more appropriate to refer to 'Nibbāna,' for once they have attained Buddhahood and Arhatship their spiritua

This text explores the concept of dhamma in relation to the Buddha and Arhat disciples, particularly the notion of Nibbāna as the essence of their enlightenment. It argues that dhamma, especially in t

In the case that 'brahma-' refers to the neuter 'brahman' In the other case in which the term brahma- is translated as 'brahman'63 the ultimate,64 the third parallel65 suggests that the term dhamma in

This text clarifies that the term 'brahma-' can refer to either the masculine 'Brahmā' or the neuter 'brahman,' ultimately leading to the view that dhamma signifies transcendental realities. It sugges

where all fetters are unrooted, or at least they signify the ‘best’ state. The same may be said for the parallel of dhammacarĺa and brahmacarĺa. Although these two compounds are normally used in dif

The text discusses how 'brahmabhūta' refers to the state of having eradicated all defilements, allowing one to experience ultimate peace and happiness. It parallels 'dhammacarĺa' and 'brahmacarĺa' as

Functionally, however, both terms seem to imply a different relationship between individual members and the ‘totality’ of the whole ‘body’ or ‘collection.’ As a ‘body,’ the ‘totality’ of the whole org

This text analyzes the distinctions between the terms 'body' and 'collection' within the framework of Dhamma, particularly focusing on functional dependence. It argues that while a 'body' maintains es

Arhatship (arahattamagga).86 Therefore, the particular path is not a mere ‘collective title’ of the path-constituents but the ‘essential totality’ by which a ‘body’ is defined. The dependence of funct

This text discusses the concept of Arhatship and the definition of Dhammakāya in the context of Buddhist philosophy. It argues that the path should be seen as an essential totality, forming a 'body,'

First, as a *kammadhāra* compound, the translation of the term *dhammākāya* will be ‘the body that is transcendental (lokuttara) dhamma’ or ‘the body that is Nibbāna.’ This gives a similar sense as th

The term Dhammakaya can be viewed in two ways: as a kammadhāra compound translated to mean 'the body that is transcendental dhamma' or as a tappurisa compound meaning 'body pertaining to transcendenta

V. Reference 2: Dhammakāya and Paccekabuddhas A Paccekabuddha is counted as one of the two types of Buddhas. According to Buddhist philosophy, a Paccekabuddha is a person who is of the highest wisdom

This text discusses the concept of Paccekabuddhas, individuals of high wisdom who achieve self-enlightenment but lack the ability to teach. It explores scholarly arguments about the pre-Buddhist origi