C : ​ค้นหาหนังสือธรรมะ หน้า 270 / 444

Palestinian legislative elections to proceed credibly — but then led to an immediate American effort to overturn the result thro…

The text discusses the complications surrounding the Palestinian legislative elections and the subsequent U.S. ef…

be recognized, but nobody should expect them to move beyond reactive diplomacy any time soon. Paradoxicall…

The text examines the U.S. diplomatic strategies regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, particularly during the Bush administration'…

tember 2007 Israeli bombing of what Israelis claim was a suspicious facility in Syria. But the issue of Israel’s nuclear weapons is perennially of…

This text discusses the complex dynamics of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, particularly focusing on Isr…

"choose your own future and win your freedom."2 To make matters worse, in September 2006 the U.S. Cong…

The text discusses Iran's unwavering commitment to its nuclear program, spurred by various factors, including U.S…

REALTIES OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST 21 otherwise unwelcome consequences..... And another message should be equally clear: leaders who abandon the pursuit o…

This text discusses the complexities and challenges in the New Middle East, particularly regarding nuclear ambitio…

22 THE NEW MIDDLE EAST few, limited in scope, carried out only when allowed by incumbent regimes, and dropped quickly when governments object…

This text discusses the shift in U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East following the September 11 attacks. Presid…

The weakness of the secular opposition is not entirely of its own making. Arab authoritarian and semi-authoritarian regimes…

In Arab societies, secular opposition has struggled against longstanding authoritarian regimes that repress lib…

retrenchment into a more ideological posture by a movement that has sought, but has so far been denied, a l…

The text discusses the complexities faced in promoting democracy in Arab nations, highlighting the influence of i…

failed to attract a substantial following. Finally, the growing importance of Hizbollah in Lebanon is probably anoth…

This text analyzes the socio-political dynamics affecting Shi’a Muslims in the Middle East, highlighting their status in vario…

Discrimination inevitably breeds discontent and resentment, and those certainly exist among Shi’i minori…

…xt examines the roots of resentment among Shi’i minorities in the Gulf and Lebanon, noting its implications for political activism. Discrimination and resentment have led to instances of violence in pl…

Although Iran is a center around which Shi’i resentment could coalesce, two factors reduce the likelihood that the Tehra…

The complexities of Iran's relationship with Sunni states underscore the ongoing challenges in Middle Eas…

None of this remarkable spate of diplomatic activity has so far removed the underlying tension between Sunni regimes and the government in Tehr…

Despite a series of diplomatic initiatives aimed at alleviating tensions between Sunni governments and the Iranian regime, fears o…

policy in Iraq and of the Palestinian–Israeli peace process. The United States needs to recognize that te…

This text argues that U.S. policies in the Middle East must shift to address underlying political issues to effectively curb terrori…

To be sure, engagement offers no guarantees of success. It is the Iranian government that ultimately must make a strategic decision to change its own …

This text discusses the necessity for strategic dialogue between the U.S. and Iran, emphasizing the importance of …

Israel and Palestine U.S. core interests in the region include peace between Israelis and Palestinians, which would have as a c…

The pursuit of peace in the Israel-Palestine conflict hinges on the two-state solution, which aims to protect Israel's …

But it is impossible to turn back the clock to more propitious circumstances. The biggest tension—between integrating Hamas and deny…

The text discusses the challenges of integrating Hamas while managing its actions against Israel. It stresses the…

A new policy toward Syria also needs to recognize the country for what it is: a small country without massive a…

This text discusses the need for a nuanced U.S. policy toward Syria, recognizing its limited ambitions while encou…

38 THE NEW MIDDLE EAST must be clearly defined; in the Middle East, the concept of democracy promotion has fluctuated from aggressiv…

The text discusses the fluctuating concept of democracy promotion in the Middle East, highlighting the confusion …

Notes 1. See International Crisis Group report, Dealing With Iran’s Nuclear Program, November 2004. 2. See http://usinfo.state.g…

This text discusses various reports and publications relevant to the geopolitical issues in the Middle East, with …

About the Authors MARINA OTTAWAY is a senior associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program and director of the Carnegie Middle East Program. Her …

This section highlights the contributions of key authors associated with the Carnegie Endowment for Internat…