Hiri-Ottapa: Understanding Shame and Fear of Wrongdoing
…o have enthusiasm and the love for one’s work.
2. Effort (viri ya) – industry, diligence, patience, commitment, endurance, willingness to work hard and to never give up.
3. Attention (citta) – concentration, mi…
Hiri and Ottapa are pivotal concepts in Buddhism, representing the shame of wrongdoing and the fear of its consequences. Together, they foster a good moral conscience. Individuals devoid of these trai