Hiri-Ottapa: Understanding Shame and Fear of Wrongdoing : หน้า 82/115

Hiri-ottapa – Shame and Fear of Wrongdoing Hiri and ottapa are Pali words, meaning ‘shame of wrongdoing’ (hiri) and ‘fearful of the consequence of wrongdoing’ (ottapa). One who has hiri-ottapa is one who has a good moral conscience. One who lacks hiri-ottapa is one who lacks moral conscience. Pancadhamma -- the Five Virtues 1. Compassion – kindness to others; not causing harm to others 2. Generosity – charitable giving; absence of selfishness 3. Contentment with one’s spouse – faithfulness to spouse; keeping harmony in marriage 4. Truthfulness – honesty to yourself and others 5. Mindfulness – being aware and alert; having good consciousness Iddhipada 4 -- Four foundations of Success 1. Inspiration (chanda) – to be happy to work and ready to work at one’s best ability; to have enthusiasm and the love for one’s work. 2. Effort (viri ya) – industry, diligence, patience, commitment, endurance, willingness to work hard and to never give up. 3. Attention (citta) – concentration, mindfulness, consciousness, alertness, attentiveness, awareness, consideration, care. 4. Examination and Analysis (vimamsa) – understanding, thoughtfulness, observation, investigation, analysis and evaluation. Wrong Livelihood The following occupations are prohibited by the Buddha: 1. Dealing in weapons 2. Dealing in human beings 3. Dealing in flesh 4. Dealing in poisons 5. Dealing in alcohol (and other intoxicants) Anyone who is involved in any of these five wrongful livelihoods is endangering his own spiritual well-being. The evil that one collects for himself will attract bad luck and misfortune to his life. Regardless of how much money that can be made from these