Understanding the First Noble Truth
…elf" are suffering.
ทุกขเวทนา painful feeling
ทุกข Critics, ทรมานกาย self-mortification
ทุกขี้ (dugati) unhappy realms; afterlife destinations or qualities of existence that are miserable and fu…
The First Noble Truth explains that all conditioned existence is marked by suffering. This suffering encompasses various forms such as birth, aging, illness, and death. Essential concepts like attachm