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security was completely overshadowed by belligerent White House statements that U.S. policy toward Iran would remain unchanged, raising the specter of war. Although analysts agreed that the NIE’s conc

…The threat of nuclear proliferation is heightened in the region, particularly with Iran and growing interests among Arab states. Additionally, U.S. credibility is undermined by domestic political struggles in…

…nistration in justifying the war in Iraq was the existence of an axis of evil that threatened U. S. interests, running, improbably and crookedly, through Iraq, Iran, and North Korea. The expression was inappr…

The new Middle East is defined by three country clusters: Iran–Iraq, Lebanon–Syria, and Palestine–Israel, intertwined with issues such as nuclear proliferation and sectarianism. The U.S. faces not jus

…e most members of parliament and control over the office of the prime minister, Shi'a have a vested interest in preserving the power of the central government. Yet, the different Shi’i factions have highly co…

Post-2007, the United States achieved a reduction in violence in Iraq, yet significant political progress remains elusive. Iraqi political factions hold varying visions for the nation's future, with t

…al groups have also started organizing into larger coalitions, which suggests they might develop an interest in national-level politics. At the same time, they are also coming into conflict with each other. I…

This text examines the intricate dynamics of Sunni political groups in Iraq amid changing power structures. Local organizations show a preference for decentralized systems, often in conflict with each

…lence, and appear incapable of looking beyond short-term expediency and the protection of their own interests to the country as a whole. These contradictions also affect the United States, which wants a stron…

…t highlights the challenges in forging a political agreement in Iraq amidst armed conflict and self-interest among key players, including the United States. The piece details how the U.S. invasion, intended t…

to be cooperative on its own terms and for its own interests, but this does not mean that the United States is in a strong position to push Iran to comply with…

…istan post-Taliban. Despite periods of potential collaboration, hostility is fueled by geopolitical interests and rhetoric, underlining the complexity of diplomacy in the region. The text further mentions the…

but set aside its criticism when this was in its interest. It was never in agreement with the United States and sought other allies, but never became so anta…

The text explores the evolving relationship between Syria and the United States, highlighting key moments such as the leadership transition from Hafez al-Assad to Bashar al-Assad, the impact of the Ir

…h as security assurances) that Iran sought. In addition, when Iran, as already mentioned, expressed interest in resolving various points of contention with the United States in 2003, Washington did not respon…

This text discusses the complex dynamics of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, particularly focusing on Israel's alleged nuclear capabilities and Iran's nuclear program. It highlights the risks

…y simply declaring the long-perceived tension between security and democracy dead: “America’s vital interests and our deepest beliefs are now one.” The soaring presidential rhetoric about a policy based on bo…

…with more autocratic regimes previously deemed 'moderate.' The text highlights that while long-term interests advocate for democracy, immediate strategic interests, particularly regarding oil access and Israe…

…democracy, its efforts would still be frustrated in the short run by incumbent regimes that have no interest in jeopardizing their own power. So-called reformers in the ruling establishments only want economi…

The text discusses the complexities faced in promoting democracy in Arab nations, highlighting the influence of incumbent regimes resistant to political reform. It notes that, despite potential allies

…sive, the United States should focus initially on Iraq, because the United States and Iran share an interest in retaining Iraq’s territorial integrity and containing a bloody civil war. A U.S.–Iranian dialogu…

This text discusses the necessity of the U.S. focusing on Iraq to facilitate a U.S.-Iranian dialogue, aiming to retain Iraq's territorial integrity and mitigate civil conflict. It emphasizes the chall

Israel and Palestine U.S. core interests in the region include peace between Israelis and Palestinians, which would have as a corollary pea…

The pursuit of peace in the Israel-Palestine conflict hinges on the two-state solution, which aims to protect Israel's existence and Palestinian rights. Achieving this requires strong Palestinian lead

…scientist who previously taught at Cairo University and the Free University of Berlin. His research interests include the changing dynamics of political participation in the Arab world and the role of Islamis…

This section highlights the contributions of key authors associated with the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Marina Ottaway, a senior associate, leads the Democracy and Rule of Law Program

… institutions and international networks, Endowment associates shape fresh policy approaches. Their interests span geographic regions and the relations between governments, business, international organizatio…

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a nonprofit organization focused on fostering cooperation between nations and enhancing U.S. involvement globally. Established in 1910, this nonpartis

WORLD FELLOWSHIP OF BUDDHIST YOUTH 61/6 Benajamin Park, Sukhumvit 24 Bangkok, Thailand 10110 Tel +66 87 502 6358 Fax +662 534 0270 November 13th, 2012 Our Ref: WFBY 36/2555 Mr Gwang-Jo Kim DIRECTO

…izes the irreversible damage the mining would cause, replacing invaluable artifacts with commercial interests. The WFBY urges the inclusion of Mes Aynak on the list of Endangered Sites, emphasizing its import…

…k of historians, ethnographers, anthropologists and scholars of religion. All of these will have an interest, therefore, in the publication of this new academic journal, both as contributors themselves and as…

The 60th Dhammachai Education Foundation of Australia and New Zealand has strengthened its commitment to studying the Buddhist tradition. The foundation established the Dhammachai International Resear

…le works. We were becoming familiar with, as well as sharing knowledge and ideas with, several very interesting academic organizations and institutes. We count this as the beginning of a policy of sharing and…

This text appreciates the collaboration over the last ten and five years, particularly acknowledging the Social Research Institute of Chiang Mai University for the photographic duplication of Lan Na P

…o agreements with various universities around the world, for the purpose of pursuing these research interests. The DIRI sponsors graduate students from Thailand to undertake research degrees in Australia, New…

This collection of articles marks the launch of the JDIRI, showcasing perspectives on Early Buddhism and meditation studies. The journal aims to publish research on ancient manuscripts and esoteric pr

… appears in Buddhist literature of different schools. Previous scholars have done excellent work on interesting aspects of studies regarding the term,² mostly in relation to its notions in Mahāyāna Buddhism. …

The study investigates the term dhamma-kāya as presented in the Pali Canon, aiming to provide a comprehensive analysis that has been overlooked in previous studies. While many references have been mad

…e direct approach, the resulting interpretation, while dissimilar to most previous studies, will be interestingly more or less in correspondence with the majority of traditional understandings, which have bee…

This paper examines the overlooked references to dhammarāya in the Pali canon, emphasizing a context not previously presented. It critiques the tendency to categorize texts strictly as ‘early Buddhism