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Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Jessica Mathews, George Perkovich, Michele Dunne, and Thomas Carothers for their comments and suggestions. Andrew Ng and Mohammed Herzzallah helped wit

This section acknowledges the invaluable contributions and support from individuals such as Jessica Mathews, George Perkovich, Michele Dunne, and Thomas Carothers for their insights. …

1. (Images of Buddha, meditation, natural scenes, and traditional textiles) 2. (Images of women interacting, people at a temple, and group discussions) 3. (Black and white images of planets or moons,

…h black and white imagery of celestial bodies and deities. The collection also shows monks, diverse individuals in formal attire, and serene scenes of meditation within temple settings. These visuals serve as a …

Saddhā: Criterion of being the Tathāgata's Son The first point to be looked at is the criterion of being the Buddha’s ‘true son’ which is, in this passage, defined by means of his irremovable confiden

… of high status or power. This kind of confidence is not an ordinary belief, but a quality of noble individuals (ariya-puggala) who have realized the truth of Buddha’s dhamma and become self-reliant. The passage…

Vin.II.192, A.IV.186, 210, 213 Just as a piece of clean cloth that is deprived of dirt would well-absorb the dye, the pure and clear eye of dhamma (dhammacakku) arose to the man, on that current seat

…hting the significance of being a 'true son' of the Buddha, born and created by dhamma. These noble individuals possess unwavering confidence in the teachings, establishing themselves as Stream-enterers on the H…

refer to something which 'transforms' the person into noble states, so that itself is comparable to the creator. At the same time, it must refer also to the shared or same kind of qualities or essence

…ightfold Path. It highlights how this path aids in the eradication of defilements, enabling worldly individuals to become noble disciples. Drawing from the Pāli canon, it asserts that true transformation comes f…

[Right concentration, again, becomes the basis of right views, right aspirations, and other steps of the noble eightfold path, which is now experienced on a higher level, and this spiral-like progress

…ding of dhamma, emphasizing the characteristics that differentiate enlightened beings from ordinary individuals. Overall, the discussion unveils a structured approach to spiritual growth in Buddhism, crucial for…

The parallel usage of dhammakāya and dhammabhūta with brahmakāya and brahmmabhūta suggests further that the term dhamma in the passage should refer to Nibbāna. Indeed, it is possible also to say that

…s as a transformer and defilement eradicator. It explores how the realization of Nibbāna transforms individuals from worldly to noble beings, emphasizing the importance of a holistic view of the path to enlighte…

V. Reference 2: Dhammakāya and Paccekabuddhas A Paccekabuddha is counted as one of the two types of Buddhas. According to Buddhist philosophy, a Paccekabuddha is a person who is of the highest wisdom

This text discusses the concept of Paccekabuddhas, individuals of high wisdom who achieve self-enlightenment but lack the ability to teach. It explores scholarly …

91 While it is possible for a Paccekabuddha to teach an individual which finally leads to that person's enlightenment, he does not teach to a multitude of people in the same way as a Buddha does. Henc

The text discusses the distinct nature of Paccekabuddhas, who can guide individuals toward enlightenment but do not teach the masses like Buddhas. Their teachings emphasize solitude a…

This Life Next Life Payasi Sutta (Rebirth and Karma) Thus have I heard. 1. The venerable Kumara Kassapa¹ was once walking on tour in Kosala together with a great company of bhikkhus, to the number o

…ences. The teachings provide insights into the nature of life and the cycle of rebirth, encouraging individuals to seek truth through learning and experience. As the Sutta unfolds, it addresses the concerns of m…

' There is another world, there is rebirth not of parents, there is fruit and result of deeds well - done and ill - done. ` You, sirs, are for me trustworthy and reliable, and what you say you have se

…nsequences of actions, and the concepts of justice through a narrative involving a dialogue between individuals questioning the existence of another world and the actions of executioners in handling a felon. It …

Let my masters, the executioners, wait till I have visited my friends and advisers, my kinsmen by blood, in this or that village or town, and come back " ? Or would the executioners cut off the head o

…ions. It contrasts the yearning for a reprieve from execution with the notion that in an afterlife, individuals cannot escape the consequences of their earthly deeds. The dialogue emphasizes that humans, even af…

Now this again, Master Kassapa, is evidence to me that there is neither another world, nor rebirth other than of parentage, nor fruit and result of deeds well - done and ill - done.' 9. 'Well then, P

…ct our life decisions. The meticulous process of cleaning and dressing serves as a metaphor for how individuals can seek to improve themselves, underscoring the significance of right actions and outcomes in one'…

This Life Next Life 70 There they saw a heap of hemp thrown away. Then one said to the other : " Here's a heap of hemp : do you make some into a bundle, I'll do the same and we'll carry it away."

In this engaging tale, two individuals discover various discarded hemp products during their travels through village streets. They strateg…

84 This Life Next Life Wherefore, Gavampati, Sir, go thou into the world of men and tell them : -" Give ye your gifts with thoroughness, with your own hands, with due thought, and give not as if ye

…ncludes with a moral lesson on the value of thoughtful contributions to the greater good, inspiring individuals to give wholeheartedly.

The Virtue of Absorbing 1. Udaya Sutta Over and over, the seeds all get planted; Over and over, the rain - god sprinkles rain. Over and over, the farmer farms the field; Over and over, the food grows

…ence. Through metaphors like planting seeds and lighting a lamp, it illustrates how teachings guide individuals toward enlightenment and a better realm. Ultimately, wisdom is the key to not being born again and …

4. Kaladana Sutta: Seasonable Gifts "There are these five seasonable gifts. Which five? One gives to a newcomer. One gives to one going away. One gives to one who is ill. One gives in time

…wcomer, someone departing, an ill person, in times of famine, and offering first fruits to virtuous individuals. These gifts emphasize the importance of compassion and generosity in Buddhist practice. Learn more…

The Vitar of Abmagiving 36 6. Dakkhīnāvibhanga Sutta "Give it to the Sangha, Gotami. When you give it to the Sangha, both I and the Sangha will be honoured." 3. Then the venerable Ānanda said to

… the Sangha and its supporters, illustrating the transformative impact of the Buddha's teachings on individuals' lives. More insights can be found at dmc.tv.

42 The Verse of Absoniring 6. Dakkhināvibhanga Sutta One gives a gift to one who has entered upon the way to the realisation of the fruit of arahantship; this is the fourth kind of personal offe

… of personal offerings within Buddhist practice, highlighting the spiritual importance of giving to individuals at various stages of realization, including arahantship and stream-entry. The discussion extends to…

52 The Virtue of Absorbing 6. Dakkhīnāvibhaga Sutta There is the offering that is purified by the giver, not by the receiver. There is the offering that is purified by the receiver, not by th

…moral, the offering is not purified by either party. The teaching emphasizes the moral character of individuals in the context of giving and receiving. Understanding this helps in recognizing the importance of v…