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The New Middle East
Marina Ottaway
Nathan J. Brown
Amr Hamzawy
Karim Sadjadpour
Paul Salem
CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT
FOR I…
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Carnegie Endowment Publication Notice
© 2008 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be r…
This document outlines the copyright notice for publications from the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. It clarifies that no part of the publicat…
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Understanding the Dynamics of the New Middle East
Contents
Acknowledgments iv
A Changed Region 1
The Realities of the New Middle East 4
The Iran–Iraq Cluster 4
…
This text examines the transformed landscape of the Middle East, analyzing key conflicts in regions such as Iran-…
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Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Jessica Mathews, George Perkovich, Michele Dunne, an…
This section acknowledges the invaluable contributions and support from individuals such as Jessica Mathews, Georg…
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A Changed Region: The Transformation of the Middle East Post 9/11
A Changed Region
After September 11, 2001, the Bush administration launched an ambitious policy to f…
This analysis reflects on the changes in the Middle East following the events of September 11, 2001, highl…
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Challenges of U.S. Democracy Promotion in the Middle East
There has been no successful democratic revolution in any Middle Eastern country. Instead, the democratic op…
This text discusses the lack of successful democratic revolutions in the Middle East, largely due to U.S. policies that have o…
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Challenges of U.S. Policy in the Middle East
security was completely overshadowed by belligerent White House statements that U.S. policy toward Iran would r…
The U.S. faces significant challenges in the Middle East with three clusters of countries: Iran-Iraq, Lebanon-S…
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The Reality of the New Middle East
The Reality of the New Middle East
The first step toward the formulation of a new policy is to understand …
The new Middle East is defined by three country clusters: Iran–Iraq, Lebanon–Syria, and Palestine–Israel, intertwined…
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Iraq's Complex Reality: The Interwoven Challenges of State Failure and External Influences
albeit it is still inappropriate to talk about an axis. Iraq's problems, and possible solutions, are …
Iraq's current situation as a failed state is deeply intertwined with Iran's influence. The U.S. invasi…
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Political Dynamics in Iraq Post-2007
the United States during 2007 has helped reduce violence, there has not been any corresponding political progress.…
Post-2007, the United States achieved a reduction in violence in Iraq, yet significant political progress remains elusive. Ir…
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The Complex Dynamics of Sunni Politics in Iraq
nizations with local roots. They understand the importance and advantages of a decentralized system. The…
This text examines the intricate dynamics of Sunni political groups in Iraq amid changing power structures. Local…
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The Political Landscape of Iraq and Iran Post-Saddam
It is out of this reality of conflicting and changing political agendas that a political agreement would have to be forge…
This text examines the complex realities of Iraq's political environment following the fall of Saddam Hussein and…
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Iran's Strategic Influence in Post-Saddam Iraq
which ended conclusively with a UN-mandated cease-fire and eventually a return to the status quo, made it very clear that neither c…
This text discusses the significant changes in the balance of power in the Middle East following the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq and th…
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The Complex Relationship Between the U.S. and Iran
to be cooperative on its own terms and for its own interests, but this does not mean that the United States is in…
This text explores the multifaceted relationship between the United States and Iran, emphasizing the challenges faced by U.S. mili…
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The Complexity of Syrian-Lebanese Relations
represented by the March 8 forces led by Hizbollah and the Syrian regime, seen as proxies for Iran and its policy of regi…
This content discusses the influence of Syria and Iran on Lebanon's political environment, particularly the roles of the March 8 forces led by Hi…
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The Complex Relationship Between Syria and the United States
but set aside its criticism when this was in its interest. It was never in agreement with the United States a…
The text explores the evolving relationship between Syria and the United States, highlighting key moments such as the leadership transi…
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Realities of the New Middle East
REALTIES OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST 13
always been the possibility that Syria could be coaxed and pressure…
The text discusses the political realities of Lebanon following Syria's withdrawal and the influence of Hizbollah and other politic…
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The Complex Dynamics of Lebanese Politics and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
port they enjoyed, gave names to the rival groupings: the March14 anti-Syrian forces and the March 8 pro-Syrian forces. T…
This text discusses the political dynamics in Lebanon following the Cedar Revolution, highlighting the division between the anti-Syr…
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Realities of the New Middle East: The Two-State Solution
REALITIES OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST 15
tion of the international consensus, obscures a deeper problem: re…
The viability of the two-state solution in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is increasingly in question due…