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…ly to the Aggañña-sutta passage, 4 missing out the three Apadāna references. 5 The reason could be either that the scholars concerned have taken the aforementioned text as representing ‘early Buddhism,’…

…rlooked references to dhammarāya in the Pali canon, emphasizing a context not previously presented. It critiques the tendency to categorize texts strictly as ‘early Buddhism’ or sectarian ‘Theravāda tho…

…ther than beginning from the preconception of such an exclusive relation of the term to the Buddha, it simply starts from listing Pali canonical passages in which the term dhammakāya appears. The use an…

…nes the term dhammakāya in specific Pali canonical passages, notably the Aggañña-sutta, contrasting it with previous scholarly interpretations that often exclusively link the term to Buddha. It outlines…

… appears four times: once in the Aggiāṇā-sutta of the Dīgha-nikāya and three more times in Apadāna literature. They can be listed as follows: 1. Aggiāṇā-sutta: Dhammakāya as the Tathāgata’s Designation …

…i Canon, the term 'dhammakāya' is found four times, significantly in the Aggiāṇā-sutta and Apadāna literature. It serves various roles including a designation for the Tathāgata and associations with Pac…

… translating the term in this passage as a bahubbiha compound 'dhamma-bodied,' similarly interprets it as an indication that the Buddha's true import is due to 'his teaching,' not his personality.^26 Li…

This text delves into various scholars' interpretations of the term 'dhammakāya' within the context of early Pāli suttas. Gombrich views it as 'dhamma-bodied,' emphasizing that the ess…

…of the first and the third parallels suggests that the Buddha compares both himself and the dhamma with the brahmanical Brahma, the creator. Thus, he is also equating himself with the dhamma. The reason…

In this text, the term 'brahma-' is analyzed in the context of its translation as the masculine 'Brahma.' It discusses how the comparison between the Tathāgata and t…

refer to something which 'transforms' the person into noble states, so that itself is comparable to the creator. At the same time, it must refer also to the shared or same kind o…

…he concept of transformation in Buddhist philosophy, specifically through the Noble Eightfold Path. It highlights how this path aids in the eradication of defilements, enabling worldly individuals to be…

…velopment of the threefold path in different levels up to the point where Arhatship is attained:57 With each more refined development of the virtue-meditation-wisdom sequence, the path spirals up to a h…

…Views, and Right Aspirations as pivotal elements of the Noble Eightfold Path leading to liberation. It discusses the spiral progression toward higher levels of spiritual attainment, specifically highlig…

…e ultimate,64 the third parallel65 suggests that the term dhamma in the passage equals ultimate reality, but in the Buddhist sense. This directly precludes the interpretation of the term dhamma in the p…

This text clarifies that the term 'brahma-' can refer to either the masculine 'Brahmā' or the neuter 'brahman,' ultimately leading to the view that dhamma signi…

91 While it is possible for a Paccekabuddha to teach an individual which finally leads to that person's enlight…

…viduals toward enlightenment but do not teach the masses like Buddhas. Their teachings emphasize solitude and are succinct, lacking detailed instructions for spiritual practice. The term 'khaggavisāṇa',…

…n the previous verse. In verse 33, Gotami is said to have been fed on the ‘dhamma-milk.’105 Because it is fed to her by the Buddha, it sounds likely that such ‘milk’ refers to his ‘teaching.’ However, i…

The concept of dhamma-milk represents spiritual nourishment derived from the Buddha's teachings, leading to inner peace and realization of truth…

1. The term dhammakāya is related to enlightenment. This agrees with our earlier observation regarding the relation of ‘dhammakāya’ to the Buddha and Paccakabuddhas. 2…

… disciples, as indicated by Gotami's reference to 'my dhammakāya.' This term is interpreted as 'quality' rather than merely 'teaching,' emphasizing that spiritual capacities can belong to anyone who att…

supramundane paths and fruits. 113 The ‘four pairs’ are mentioned instead when particular paths and their corresponding fruits a…

…ighting the distinction between trainees and non-trainees. The first seven levels correspond to qualities of trainees, whereas the eighth signifies the attainment of an Arhat, indicating no further grow…

mental qualities128 or purity,129 or identifies it with realities to be attained or experienced spiritually by no…

This text examines the term dhammakāya as articulated by Buddhaghosa, linking it to spiritual realities and teachings of the Buddha. It highlights the role of dhamma-vinaya as a gu…

…tta also refers to the term dhammakāya in the sense of the Buddha’s teaching.150 On the whole, traditional Theravādins interpret the term dhammakāya mostly in the sense of the Buddha’s qualities or rea…

This passage examines the term 'dhammakāya' as interpreted in traditional Theravāda Buddhism. It discusses the general view of dhammakāya as reflecting the qualities of…

Mus, Paul. Barabudur: Sketch of a History of Buddhism Based on Archaeological Criticism of the Texts. New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts: Sterling Publishers, 1998…

…lection features key academic contributions to the study of Buddhism, drawing from archaeological criticism, doctrinal analyses, and comparative studies between traditions. Works by notable scholars suc…

literature.9 It is notable that the Agama Sutras (阿含经) discovered in the Xishuangbanna region are incom…

…documented on palm leaves, which are still significant in contemporary collections, showcasing the vitality of these manuscripts in the region's Buddhist practices. For more detailed insights and findin…

…Extinction of Palm-Leaf Manuscripts in Sipsong Panna Buddhism in Sipsong Panna is characterised by its manuscript culture. However, today the number of the palm-leaf manuscripts being produced in the r…

… are essential for creating the manuscripts. The case of Jingzhen Temple illustrates this decline, with an alarming drop in available scriptures over the years. The future of these manuscripts is threat…

…y of Dhamma (dhammakāya) is the property (lakhana) of the Lord Buddha. Yogāvacarapputanna: the practitioners are furnished with honor; tikkhānāena paṭhente sabbānu buddhabhāvaм anusaritabbam: and acute …

ในเนื้อหานี้กล่าวถึงการบรรลุของพระเจ้าพุทธเจ้าและการปฏิบัติธรรมอย่างจริงจังเพื่อนำไปสู่การเข้าถึงนิพพาน โดยมีการเน้นถึงความสำคัญของการทบทวนและสวดบทสวดเพื่อกราบไหว้พระ. พุทธศาสนิกชนถูกกระตุ้นให้ถือปฏิบ

An Shigao and Early Chinese Meditation Techniques¹ Phra Kiattisak Kittipanyo² (University of Otago) An Shigao安世高 (147~168 CE) played…

An Shigao (147-168 CE) significantly influenced the early transmission of Buddhism in China. Despite a focus on his ethnicity and translation style, he is recognized as a respected meditation master.…

Daoist meditation in the Eastern Han period When An Shigao arrived in China around 148 CE, very few if any Buddh…

In the Eastern Han period around 148 CE, Daoist meditation practices already existed, with references found in ancient texts like the Tao Te Ching. Pract…