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…Leiden, New York : Köln:Brill (p.84). Hermann, Kulke; Rothermund D (2001). A History of India. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32920-5. Sen, Sailendra Nath. (1999). Ancient Indian History and Civilization. New A…

ตั้งแต่พุทธศตวรรษที่ ๑๙ มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงการเขียนภาษาไทยและการนำความรู้ทางพระพุทธศาสนามาใช้ การพิมพ์ด้วยเครื่องจักรมีผลต่อการสื่อสาร ความรู้ดั้งเดิมในพระพุทธศาสนาจึงต้องได้รับการอนุรักษ์และศึกษาอย่างจร

…ครั้งนี้สำเร็จด้วยโดยจัด ร่วมกับองค์กรท้องถิ่นหลายองค์กร เช่น มูลนิธิ Ciudad Del Saber (City of Knowledge), มูลนิธิ Fundación Entre Todos, โครงการ Meditación Para Todos (Meditation for All) ทำให้มีชาวท้อ…

การอบรมสมาธิที่จัดโดยมาริโคในปานามาได้รับการสนับสนุนจากองค์กรท้องถิ่นและมีผู้เข้าร่วมมากมาย การจัดกิจกรรมในครั้งนี้แสดงให้เห็นถึงความสนใจของชาวปานามาในเรื่องการฝึกสมาธิ โดยมีการจัดทั้งหมด 5 รอบในหลายส

…a certain boy. He was, they say, the son of a householder at Savatti, just seven years old, and skilled in recognizing footsteps. Now his father being minded to prove him went without his knowing it to a…

This tale, recounted by the Master at Jetavana, tells of a seven-year-old boy from Savatti who could identify his father's location solely by tracing his footsteps. His father tested this skill by nav

…onceived in the womb of the Yakkha by the brahmin. After ten months she gave birth to a son, and filled with love for the brahmin and her child, she fed them both. By and bye when the boy was grown up, …

This narrative explores the life of a Yakkha who captures men for food, including her husband and son, the Bodhisatta. Living together in a cave, the Yakkha shows love for her family, but her nature p

…nts of men shall be my charge." And next day when his mother had gone away, he took his father and fled. When the Yakkha returned and missed them, she rushed forward with the swiftness of the wind and ca…

ในเรื่องนี้ พระโพธิสัตว์วางแผนที่จะหนีจากขอบเขตที่แม่ของเขากำหนดไว้ หลังจากที่เขาได้พูดคุยกับแม่เกี่ยวกับพรมแดนที่เธอครอบครองและขนาดของบริเวณที่อนุญาตให้เขาอยู่ เพื่อที่จะสามารถหนีออกไปได้ เมื่อแม่ยอม

…—as it is painful to live in the world of men, and they who know not any craft cannot live—I am skilled in the lore of the philosopher’s stone: by its power, one can follow after the lapse of twelve year…

…mother desperately pleads for their return, expressing her sorrow and offering a charm from her knowledge of the philosopher’s stone as a means to stay connected. This narrative highlights themes of fami…

…as broken and she fell down dead on the spot. The Bodhisatta, when he knew his mother was dead, called to his father and went and made a funeral pile and burned her body. After extinguishing the flames,…

The Bodhisatta bids farewell to his mother Yakkha, grieving her death after she collapses from sorrow. He honors her with a funeral pyre and returns to Benares with his father. Upon his arrival, he de

…s in his recovering stolen property after a single day and night. I will recover it; do not be troubled." "Then recover it, friend." "Very well, my lord," he said, and went and saluting his mother's me…

In this tale, a king and family priest seek to test a youth's abilities after treasure goes missing from the palace. They devise a plan where the youth must demonstrate his skills. The king pretends i

And following in the steps of the king and the priest, he entered the royal closet, and issuing thence he descended from the terrace, and after thrice making a circuit of the palace he drew near the w

…ck. Descending to the Hall of Justice and later to the tank, the journey highlights a quest for knowledge and truth. This exploration not only signifies a physical journey but also symbolizes a deeper pu…

O Patala, by Ganges swept away, Famous in dance and, skilled in roundelay, Patala, all hail! as thou art borne along, Sing me, I pray, some little snatch of son…

The text narrates the story of Patala, a talented dancer, who laments that the very waters that save people also bring about his demise. The Bodhisatta uses this to highlight the double-edged nature o

…ned with pain and lamenting he spoke this stanza: Food on which countless brahmins life sustain Killed me outright My refuge proved my bane. "One, who like rice, sire, was the refuge of the people, sto…

In this parable, a king learns about a thief who stole jewels but is ensnared in another story about excess and consequence. The narratives intertwine, showing how what appears to be a refuge can beco

7) In a village of Benares, sire, on the western side of a gentleman's house was a river full of savage crocodiles, and in this family was an only son, who on the death of his father watched over his

…er-in-law with the help of her own mother. She proposes to kill her by throwing her into a river filled with crocodiles. The son, uneasy about the murder, cunningly devises a plan to mark his mother-in-l…

…ent together and lifting her up, bed and all, threw her into the river. And the crocodiles there killed and ate her. Next day she found out what had happened to her own mother and said, “My lord, my m…

…a tale, a wife and her husband conspire to kill her mother-in-law after the wife's own mother is killed. They attempt to create a funeral pyre but inadvertently awaken the old woman, leading to a suspens…

…drop to the ground. The devil-doctor thought, 'This is certainly a Yakkha,' and he cried aloud and fled away, with the blood dripping from his tongue. Next day the old woman put on a clean undergarment …

In this story, an old woman cleverly tricks a devil-doctor into believing she is a Yakkha after he discovers her in a cave. She lures him with promises of treasure and bites off his tongue to instill

… had gathered together, he addressed them and spoke these stanzas: Let town and country folk assembled all give ear, Lo! water is ablaze. From safety cometh fear. The plundered realm may well of king an…

In this tale, a king repeatedly questions a young man about a thief, demanding him to catch the culprit. The young man perceives the king's inability to shield himself from accusations and resolves to

… son attained to fruition of the First Path:— "In those days the father was Kassapa, the youth skilled in footsteps was myself."

This narrative depicts the consequences faced by a corrupt king who, instead of taking responsibility for his actions, shifts the blame onto others. After the people realize the king's treachery, they

…avan of traders, and got power over them; and afterwards, when they got sight of other men, they killed every one of the first, and then devoured them, crunching them in their teeth while the blood ran d…

The Master recounts a tale to a Brother who admits to backsliding due to temptation from a woman. He explains how women can lead men astray through their allure and ultimately ruin them. This theme is

Once upon a time, there was in the island of Ceylon a goblin town called Sirisavatthu, peopled by she-goblins. When a ship is wrecked, these adorn and deck themselves, and …

Once upon a time, in the island of Ceylon, there was a goblin town called Sirisavatthu, populated by she-goblins. They would lure shipwrecked merchants with food and illusio…

…will not flee away.” Then the chief trader with two hundred and fifty, who were ready to obey him, fled away in fear of the goblins. Now at that time, the Bodhisatta had come into the world as a flying …

In a story where merchants find themselves confronted by goblins, one elder merchant realizes the danger and urges his companions to flee. However, many choose to stay, believing they need not fear. A

…e of his elephant awoke the king’s jealousy and he resolved to have it cast over a precipice and killed. So he summoned the mahout and asked whether he called that a trained elephant. “Indeed he is well …

In ancient Rājagaha under King Magadha, a stunning white elephant captured hearts during a royal procession, inciting jealousy in the king. Determined to rid himself of the source of praise, the king