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Generally, the term ‘kevala’ is translated either as ‘only’ or ‘entirely.’ It is observed that, whenever the term appears together with another word that conveys the meaning of ‘emanating,’ ‘illuminat

This text explores the interpretation of key Buddhist terms such as 'kevala', which denotes 'only' or 'entirely', particularly in contexts associated with illumination. The term 'dhammakāya', often li

mental qualities128 or purity,129 or identifies it with realities to be attained or experienced spiritually by noble disciples through the penetration of the noble paths.130 In one instance, he connec

This text examines the term dhammakāya as articulated by Buddhaghosa, linking it to spiritual realities and teachings of the Buddha. It highlights the role of dhamma-vinaya as a guiding principle and

Dhammapāla, like Buddhaghosa, employs the term dhammikāya mostly as a noun, and relates it either with the Buddha’s mental qualities and purity,134 with the Enlightenment either of the Buddha135 or hi

Dhammapāla discusses dhammikāya, relating it to the Buddha's mental qualities and Enlightenment. This term connects the Buddha's teachings and truths, illustrating his purity and extraordinary qualiti

In addition to the above two commentators, Upasena and Buddhadatta141 are also Pali commentators who lived around the same times.142 Upasena agrees with Buddhagōsha in regard to his interpretations of

The text discusses the interpretations of the term 'dhammakāya' by various Pali commentators, focusing on Upasena and Buddhadatta, who align with Buddhagōsha, and their views on the Buddha's qualities

In a few passages, however, Sāriputta also refers to the term dhammakāya in the sense of the Buddha’s teaching.150 On the whole, traditional Theravādins interpret the term dhammakāya mostly in the se

This passage examines the term 'dhammakāya' as interpreted in traditional Theravāda Buddhism. It discusses the general view of dhammakāya as reflecting the qualities of the Buddha and the spiritual re

Bibliography Dutt, Nalinaksha. Mahayana Buddhism. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1978. Geiger, Wilhelm. “Dhamma and Brahman.” Zeitschrift flour buddhismus (1921): 73-83. Gombrich, Richard. “The Buddha’s

This bibliography encompasses significant scholarly works in Buddhist studies, offering insights into various aspects such as the early Buddhist philosophy, the concept of Dharmakāya, and teachings of

Mus, Paul. Barabudur: Sketch of a History of Buddhism Based on Archaeological Criticism of the Texts. New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts: Sterling Publishers, 1998. Need, David Nort

This collection features key academic contributions to the study of Buddhism, drawing from archaeological criticism, doctrinal analyses, and comparative studies between traditions. Works by notable sc

Buddhist Manuscripts in China: A Case Study of Theravāda Buddhist Manuscripts in Sipsong Panna (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, PRC) Joe Zhou Ya China, like many other countries in the world, is a c

This article delves into the rich tapestry of Buddhist culture in China, specifically focusing on the Theravāda Buddhism of the Dai people in Sipsong Panna, Yunnan Province. Buddhism's introduction to

I will give a brief overview of the manuscripts that have been discovered and catalogued, an explanation of some current research projects, and I will discuss some of the problems that threaten China'

This document provides an overview of Theravāda Buddhist manuscripts found in China, particularly in Yunnan Province. It discusses the significance of these manuscripts within the Dai community and hi

This project is in accordance with the national emphasis on the protection and development of religious culture in minority areas.3 Most of the Dai Buddhist manuscripts in Sipsong Panna are made from

This project aligns with the national focus on protecting religious culture in minority areas, specifically the Dai community in Yunnan. Research has identified more than 400 Dai Buddhist manuscripts,

literature.9 It is notable that the Agama Sutras (阿含经) discovered in the Xishuangbanna region are incomplete. For example, the Hinayana Agama should have contained the Khuddaka Patha (小品), Dharma-phra

The Agama Sutras found in the Xishuangbanna region are notable for their incompleteness. The Hinayana Agama is expected to contain various texts that are partly missing. According to The Complete Coll

are also certain exceptions to this. For example, Buddhist scriptures that are chanted daily are always copied on sa-paper manuscript for the convenience of page turning and reading. Secular literatur

Sa-paper, made by local artisans, serves as a practical alternative for copying both Buddhist and secular texts in Sipsong Panna. Although less symbolic than palm leaves, sa-paper's ease of use and du

It is noteworthy that there is a community of Dai people in the Dehong Autonomous Prefecture in the west of Yunnan, and a wide range of Buddhist manuscripts are stored there. Palm-leaf manuscripts are

This text discusses the unique tradition of Buddhist manuscripts among the Dai people in Dehong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan, where various types of manuscripts are produced. Most texts utilize sa-

III The Problem of the Imminent Extinction of Palm-Leaf Manuscripts in Sipsong Panna Buddhism in Sipsong Panna is characterised by its manuscript culture. However, today the number of the palm-leaf m

This text discusses the worrying decline of palm-leaf manuscripts in Sipsong Panna, where Buddhist manuscript culture is rich but facing imminent extinction. Key reasons include the autonomous nature

The Dhammakāya Verse: a Lan Na Thai manuscript Kitchai Urkasem This article is a report on research undertaken with the support of the 60th Dhamma chai Education Foundation (DEF) on a palm leaf manu

This article discusses research supported by the 60th Dhamma chai Education Foundation on a palm leaf manuscript titled Dhamma kāya from northern Thailand's Lan Na region. Undated, it is believed to h

The Text The first nine leaves are inscribed with Pāli verses and a commentary in Tai Yuan.4 The final leaf of the manuscript is an addendum, inscribed with a stanza of the Dvatiṃsa-mahāpuruśa-lakkhaṇ

The manuscript presents Pāli verses and commentary in Tai Yuan, summarizing Buddhist doctrines about the Buddha's physical body and wisdom. It includes thirty stanzas highlighting qualities like divin

Some of the qualities or forms of wisdom listed in the text are exclusive to Buddhas such as omniscience (sabbaññutāna), intrepdity (vesārajjanāna), and the ten supreme intellectual powers of a Buddha

The text highlights unique qualities of wisdom exclusive to Buddhas, including omniscience and the ten intellectual powers. It discusses the dhammakāya as the embodiment of a Buddha's inner wisdom, di

Although there is no date on the manuscript, the dhammakāya verse has been known in the Lan Na regions for many centuries. It also appears on a 16th century stone inscription unearthed at the site of

The dhammakāya verse has been recognized in the Lan Na regions for centuries, with historical inscriptions confirming its existence dating back to the 16th century, specifically at Wat Tham Suea in Ph

Bangkok period. The Lan Na palm-leaf manuscript itself cannot provide an accurate date for the composition of the verse because palm-leaf manuscripts are fragile, and rarely survive more than a centur

The Lan Na palm-leaf manuscript's dating is uncertain due to its fragility, but it has been recited by devout Buddhists since the 16th century, alongside evidence from the Phitsanulok inscription and

"sabbānūṭāṇa pāvarasisaṁ; Nibbānarammana pavaravirasatikasēm; Catuṭṭhāṇa pāvaranarāṭam; Vajjirasamāpatīṇaṁ pāvaruṇṇāsaṁ; Nilakasinasobhāṭikanta pavara; bhamuyuggalam; Dibbacakku; Samantāccakku; Paṇñāc

บทความนี้สำรวจแนวคิดทางพุทธศาสนาเช่นการเข้าถึงนibbana การพัฒนาปัญญาและวิธีการที่ทำให้บรรลุผลในด้านจิตใจและจิตวิญญาณ ตามหลักการของพุทธศาสนา เช่น สั่งสมปัญญา แอปฏิบัติและความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับธรรมะและการใช