The Four Enemies: Understanding Suffering
…n-
emy comes out to meet the guard and beats him until he is
left so bruised and broken that he can hardly stand up. Next
comes the third enemy who continues to beat the man until
he is left lying motion…
This text discusses the metaphor of four enemies that represent the sufferings inherent in human existence: birth, aging, illness, and death. Birth is akin to the first enemy, seducing us into life, w