Iraq : ​ค้นหาหนังสือธรรมะ หน้า 2 / 2

…rpretation of Shi’i doctrine to justify theocratic rule became influential. Similarly, elections in Iraq taught Shi’a a lesson not in democracy so much as in the power of numbers in elections. None of t…

The text examines the roots of resentment among Shi’i minorities in the Gulf and Lebanon, noting its implications for political activism. Discrimination and resentment have led to instances of violenc

…freedom agenda” for regional democratic transformation was actually launched for Palestine, not for Iraq. In June 2002, the president called for comprehensive political and constitutional reform as a cond…

The viability of the two-state solution in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is increasingly in question due to the weakened Palestinian leadership and diminishing trust between Palestinians and Israel

… Arab governments that made it clear that the United States was more likely to get their support on Iraq if it relanced the peace process, the administration took some steps to revive negotiations. When i…

The text examines the U.S. diplomatic strategies regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, particularly during the Bush administration's attempt to revitalize the peace process under challenging cir

…gion brought unpleasant (but largely predictable) results, the freedom agenda receded. Elections in Iraq and Lebanon deepened sectarian divisions; in Egypt and Palestine they allowed Islamists to show the…

This text discusses the shift in U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East following the September 11 attacks. President Bush's declaration of aligning American values of freedom and security contrasted

…end, U.S. pressure on Egypt and other countries was short-lived. By mid-2006, with the situation in Iraq deteriorating and concern about Iran mounting, the administration forgot its previous criticism of …

In a speech in Cairo in June 2005, Rice underscored U.S. democratic reform measures. The U.S. reacted to Egypt's governance by canceling a free-trade agreement due to human rights concerns. While some

… however, that not all Islamist parties are alike. Some maintain an armed wing—all Shi’i parties in Iraq, Hizbollah in Lebanon, Hamas in Palestine. While these parties have not used force in the election …

In Arab societies, secular opposition has struggled against longstanding authoritarian regimes that repress liberal ideologies, while conservative social attitudes limit their political expression. A

…because the overthrow of even the most tyrannical regime does not necessarily lead to democracy, as Iraq shows. Separating regime overthrow from democracy promotion is not just a question of language, but…

The text discusses the fluctuating concept of democracy promotion in the Middle East, highlighting the confusion between promoting democracy and regime overthrow. It emphasizes the need for the U.S. t

… the region. 7. The term “Shi’i Crescent” was first coined in the 1980s by militant Shi’i groups in Iraq.

This text discusses various reports and publications relevant to the geopolitical issues in the Middle East, with a specific focus on Iran's nuclear program, negotiations involving al-Qaddafi, and the