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REALTIES OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST 13 always been the possibility that Syria could be coaxed and pressured into adopting more pragmatic policies. Revived U.S. efforts to relaunch the Israeli-Palestinian

… polarization in Lebanese society due to successive political assassinations has deepened sectarian divisions, mirroring the tensions from the civil war era. Instances of political paralysis in Beirut undersc…

port they enjoyed, gave names to the rival groupings: the March14 anti-Syrian forces and the March 8 pro-Syrian forces. The March 14 demonstrations, which in the U.S. narrative became the Cedar Revolu

…s text discusses the political dynamics in Lebanon following the Cedar Revolution, highlighting the division between the anti-Syrian March 14 coalition and the pro-Syrian March 8 forces. It outlines how elect…

REALITIES OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST 15 tion of the international consensus, obscures a deeper problem: realities on the ground have already destroyed much of the viability of the two-state solution. The

…ians and Israelis. Events over the past decades have created complexities, with new settlements and division of territory hindering progress. The U.S. has shifted its engagement strategy, seeing varying degre…

be recognized, but nobody should expect them to move beyond reactive diplomacy any time soon. Paradoxically, the Bush administration decided to refocus on the peace process just as conditions had beco

…critiques the assumption held by the administration that a two-state solution is viable despite the divisions within Palestinian leadership and territorial complexities. Additionally, it highlights the urgenc…

… predictable) results, the freedom agenda receded. Elections in Iraq and Lebanon deepened sectarian divisions; in Egypt and Palestine they allowed Islamists to show the depth of their public support and organ…

This text discusses the shift in U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East following the September 11 attacks. President Bush's declaration of aligning American values of freedom and security contrasted

…f an alliance of Sunni states backed by the United States. Nevertheless, the deepening of sectarian divisions and the fact that Shi’i grievances have remained largely unaddressed represent an additional sourc…

The complexities of Iran's relationship with Sunni states underscore the ongoing challenges in Middle Eastern diplomacy. Iran seeks to be a leader in the region, supporting not only Shiite factions bu

None of this remarkable spate of diplomatic activity has so far removed the underlying tension between Sunni regimes and the government in Tehran. Fear of a nuclear Iran in the region remains quite hi

…n persist in the region. Both parties seem committed to preventing direct confrontation and further division between Shi’a and Sunni communities. This ongoing diplomatic spate highlights the intricate balance…

Meetings with a Dhamma Master is a more coarse way to judge good and/or bad, we might not have the best way but at least people can live with one another. In addition to custom or tradition, we can a

…the importance of intention in determining Kamma. It reflects on the historical context of societal divisions due to misunderstandings of morality. The discussion highlights the necessity of preserving Buddhi…

…tricide, patricide, killing an Arahant, causing a Buddha to suffer a contusion or to bleed, causing division in the Sangha Order อนาคามิ (anagami) ‘non-returner’; one who has attained the third stage of holin…

This text presents key Buddhist concepts such as 'อนัตตา' (non-self), emphasizing that there is no lasting essence, only the illusion of self that causes attachment. It discusses 'อนิจจตา' (impermanen

…nta Khaymarsara / พระสายอวอ เขมาจาระ Ahtulamaha Mya Kyauk Zedidaw Yankin Taung Jeii Temple Mandalay Division / วัดอุตตะลุ มาฉะ เมี๋ยจ้าว เขตบดินทระเลย์ ประเทศเมียนมาร์ 6. ใบประกาศเกียรติคุณ จาก Pharkru Sam Jy…

บทความนี้นำเสนอเกี่ยวกับโฉรางวัลและใบประกาศเกียรติคุณที่ได้รับจาก 40 ประเทศ ซึ่งเป็นการแสดงถึงความสำเร็จและการยอมรับในด้านพุทธศาสนาของบุคคลและสถาบันต่างๆ เช่น ปริญญาดุษฎีบัณฑิตติติมศักดิ์จากสถาบันพุทธ

… Dating of the Historical Buddha: 11-36, edited by Heinz Bechert. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications A Division of Indian Books Centre. ---

บทความนี้ศึกษาเกี่ยวกับการแตกนิกายในพระพุทธศาสนาซึ่งเกิดจากการสั่งสอนและการตีความที่แตกต่างกัน โดยมีการแบ่งออกเป็นสองนิกายนิยมหลักคือ นิกายนิสวะและนิกายนายมหาสังขิณ และยังได้เสนอการอ้างอิงวรรณกรรมเพื่

HONJŌ, Yoshifumi (本庄良文). 1992 “Saurātantika.” Indogaku-Bukkyōgaku-kenkyū 印度学仏教学研究 40(2): 148-154(L). NATIER, Janice J., Charles S. PREBISH. 1977 “Mahāsāṃghika Origins: The Beginnings of Buddhist Sect

… Karashima's work on the original language of the Chōagonkyō and Kato's research in the Statistical Division of Buddhist sects contribute significant insights. Radich examines the external evidence related to…