The Four Enemies: Understanding Suffering
…h, aging, sickness and death conspire
to bring misery to our existence.
5. Sorrow [soka dukkha]
The Buddha characterized the suffering of sorrow as affect-
ing one with burning in the heart as if the mind h…
… inflicting further pain, and ultimately death is the fourth enemy, delivering the mortal blow. The Buddha's perspective on sorrow highlights the emotional turmoil experienced in loss, which compounds the s…