F : ​ค้นหาหนังสือธรรมะ หน้า 164 / 300

… during 2007 has helped reduce violence, there has not been any corresponding political progress. Different Iraqi political figures and forces have competing and often changing visions for Iraq, and ev…

Post-2007, the United States achieved a reduction in violence in Iraq, yet significant political progress remains elusive. Iraqi political factions hold varying visions for the nati…

nizations with local roots. They understand the importance and advantages of a decentralized system. They appear to have very little respect for the central government or even …

This text examines the intricate dynamics of Sunni political groups in Iraq amid changing power structures. Local organizations show a preferenc…

It is out of this reality of conflicting and changing political agendas that a political agreement would have to…

This text examines the complex realities of Iraq's political environment following the fall of Saddam Hussein and the subsequent rise of Iran a…

to be cooperative on its own terms and for its own interests, but this does not mean that the United States is in a strong position to push …

This text explores the multifaceted relationship between the United States and Iran, emphasizing the challenges faced by U.S. mil…

… Iran, thus burnishing its independent and radical credentials. A new phase started with the death of Hafez al-Assad in 2000 and the rise to power of his politically less astute and experienced son Bas…

…hip between Syria and the United States, highlighting key moments such as the leadership transition from Hafez al-Assad to Bashar al-Assad, the impact of the Iraq War, and Syria's strategic alliances w…

port they enjoyed, gave names to the rival groupings: the March14 anti-Syrian forces and the March 8 pro-Syrian forces. The March 14 demonstrations, which in the U.S. narrative be…

This text discusses the political dynamics in Lebanon following the Cedar Revolution, highlighting the division between the anti-Syrian March 14 coalition …

REALITIES OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST 15 tion of the international consensus, obscures a deeper problem: realities o…

The viability of the two-state solution in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is increasingly in question due to the w…

But the Bush administration showed little interest in the peace process. Instead, it pursued a set of policies that either downgraded Israeli–Palestinian peacemaking or subordinated it to demands for P…

The Bush administration exhibited a lack of interest in the peace process and instead directed policies that undermined Israeli-Palestinian neg…

Palestinian legislative elections to proceed credibly — but then led to an immediate American effort to overturn the result through any possible means. The Bush administration’s short attention sp…

…cusses the complications surrounding the Palestinian legislative elections and the subsequent U.S. effort to undermine the democratic outcome, particularly emphasizing the Bush administration's approac…

…o move beyond reactive diplomacy any time soon. Paradoxically, the Bush administration decided to refocus on the peace process just as conditions had become nearly impossible. Pushed by so-called moder…

The text examines the U.S. diplomatic strategies regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, particularly during the Bush administration's attempt to revitalize the peace process under ch…

tember 2007 Israeli bombing of what Israelis claim was a suspicious facility in Syria. But the issue of Israel’s nuclear weapons i…

This text discusses the complex dynamics of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East, particularly focusing on Israel's alleged nuclear capabil…

"choose your own future and win your freedom."2 To make matters worse, in September 2006 the U.S. Congress passed the …

The text discusses Iran's unwavering commitment to its nuclear program, spurred by various factors, including U.S. sanctions, the Iraq war, and surging oil prices. Despite hints of military ac…

REALTIES OF THE NEW MIDDLE EAST 21 otherwise unwelcome consequences..... And another message should be equally…

…s the complexities and challenges in the New Middle East, particularly regarding nuclear ambitions of countries like Saudi Arabia and Egypt, and the decline of the U.S. freedom agenda since it faced cr…

22 THE NEW MIDDLE EAST few, limited in scope, carried out only when allowed by incumbent regimes, and dropped quickly when g…

This text discusses the shift in U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East following the September 11 attacks. President Bush's dec…

Rice gave a more detailed explanation of the American approach to democratic reform in a speech in Cairo in June 2005. In January 2006, the …

In a speech in Cairo in June 2005, Rice underscored U.S. democratic reform measures. The U.S. reacted to Egypt's governance by canceling a free-trade agreement due to huma…

The weakness of the secular opposition is not entirely of its own making. Arab authoritarian and semi-authoritarian…

…repress liberal ideologies, while conservative social attitudes limit their political expression. A failure in constituency-building has caused former secular supporters to shift towards Islamist movem…

retrenchment into a more ideological posture by a movement that has sought, but has so far been denied, a legitimate political role. The adoption and subsequent abandonment of the freedom …

The text discusses the complexities faced in promoting democracy in Arab nations, highlighting the influence of incumbent regimes resista…

failed to attract a substantial following. Finally, the growing importance of Hizbollah in Lebanon is…

This text analyzes the socio-political dynamics affecting Shi’a Muslims in the Middle East, highlighting their status in various countries, including …

…itably breeds discontent and resentment, and those certainly exist among Shi’i minorities in the Gulf and, of course, in Lebanon. The real question, however, is whether this resentment has translated i…

The text examines the roots of resentment among Shi’i minorities in the Gulf and Lebanon, noting its implications for political ac…

Although Iran is a center around which Shi’i resentment could coalesce, two factors reduce the likelihood that the Tehran regime will encourage such a development. One is that I…

The complexities of Iran's relationship with Sunni states underscore the ongoing challenges in Middle Eastern diplomacy…