Hiri-Ottapa: Understanding Shame and Fear of Wrongdoing
…ulness, consciousness, alertness, attentiveness, awareness, consideration, care.
4. Examination and Analysis (vimamsa) – understanding, thoughtfulness, observation, investigation, analysis and evaluation.
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Hiri and Ottapa are pivotal concepts in Buddhism, representing the shame of wrongdoing and the fear of its consequences. Together, they foster a good moral conscience. Individuals devoid of these trai