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so bhagavā" and "Namo buddhassa" before throwing the dice. By contrast, the boy from the family of False View would recollect the virtue of various heretics before throwing the dice with the words "Na

In this narrative, the contrast between Right View and False View highlights that those who hold Right View, symbolized by the boy from the family of Right View, always prevail. Through various incide

"Oh! When will I be able to leave this prosperous Mithila with its castles and towers, abundance of the four requisites?" The bodhisatva thought in this way for four months before he was able to ful

In his quest for enlightenment, the bodhisatva grapples with renouncing the comforts of Mithila, contemplating his intentions for four months. Upon retreating into the forest, he meditates and develop

by inviting 60,000 monks for alms in the palace daily. The king wanted to have the chance to pay respect to a fully-enlightened Buddha and with this end in mind, invited the Naga King to come up from

King Asoka was a pivotal figure in Buddhism, inviting 60,000 monks for daily alms and yearning to pay respect to a fully-enlightened Buddha. He invited the Naga King to appear as the Buddha for homage

by the tale of Sujāta, the younger sister of Viṣākha. This lady was the sister in law of Aṇṭhapiṇḍika but was very haughty because she inherited from a wealthy family. She had consideration neither fo

This narrative recounts the tale of Sujāta, who, despite her wealth, was arrogant and disrespectful in her relationships. When invited by Aṇṭhapiṇḍika, the Buddha hears of her conflicts and uses the o

in other men, looking down on her husband — even when her husband is the one to pay her dowry in the first place — having no gratitude to her husband, and even going as far as attempting to kill her h

This text explores different types of wives and their characteristics, highlighting the negative traits of a wife like an enemy, robber, and boss, and contrasting them with the positive traits of a wi

Once there was a festival which had been organized by fools. It was called the ‘Festival of Fools’ and lasted for seven full days. The fools of the town would sit in a circle and get drunk before goin

Once there was a Festival of Fools characterized by reckless behavior of drunken townsfolk. A group of Buddha's followers, having achieved stream-entry, chose to meditate instead of participating. Upo

4.1 Abstention from killing Evil actions can be abstained from in any of the following three different ways: 1. abstention on the spur of the moment [sampattauirati]; 2. abstention by having requested

This text discusses various ways one can abstain from killing, highlighting three methods: spontaneous abstention, preemptive abstention through the Five Precepts, and transcendent abstention. Illustr

the snake started to crush him in his coils, he thought again of killing the snake, but remembering his Precepts he threw down the knife. He thought to himself, that if he should die, at least he woul

This text illustrates the significance of Right Action in Buddhist practice, showcasing a layman's resolute adherence to Precepts when confronted by a snake. The narrative emphasizes that true abstent

ter asking all the monks’ names, the Buddha would ask his. The Buddha knew what he was thinking and asked the man his name. “Ariya” replied the man. In fact, the Buddah didn’t need to be told the man’

In this text, the Buddha teaches that true nobility is defined by one's actions towards living beings. Ariya learns that harming others disqualifies him from being 'noble', resulting in his attainment

money any more. She used the whole 1,000 kahapanas to buy flowers for Sammavadi and the courtesans. Seeing that there were more flowers than usual, the courtesans asked Khujutara whether the king had

This text narrates the story of Khujutara, who uses all her money for good after understanding the teachings of the Buddha about the consequences of embezzlement. Her change illustrates the concepts o

Kassapa Buddha is the third of the five Buddhas who appear during our present world era.

hardly be able to find anyone to praise them; 4. They will spend forthcoming lifetimes in hell. Having heard the Buddha’s teaching, Khema attained stream-entry, never committing adultery again This ex

In Buddhist teachings, Right Livelihood refers to earning a living that upholds ethical values and avoids harmful practices. It specifically highlights five types of Wrong Trade which are prohibited:

take advantage of the measure not being completely filled. Again such behaviour is dishonest. Moreover, surveyors in charge of measuring land for a buyer, if they are dishonest or corrupt and don’t ge

This text delves into the concept of Wrong Livelihood, highlighting dishonest practices such as corrupt land measurement, bribery, and fraudulent transactions. It illustrates various forms of deceptio

The Buddha said that a person who earns their living by Wrong Livelihood is like someone who intentionally advises a traveller to take a dangerous road, saying that it is safe, but when travelling the

This text discusses the concept of Wrong and Right Livelihood according to Buddhist teachings. It highlights the story of Seriva, a merchant who contrasts moral integrity with a greedy counterpart, de

but the bodhisattva urged him on. The merchant, realizing what he had lost through his greed choked up blood. It was at this time that he vowed to get his revenge on the bodhisattva in every future li

The text discusses the principles of Right Livelihood and Right Effort in Buddhism, exemplified by the bodhisattva's encounter with a greedy merchant. The merchant's greed leads to his demise, contras

the vow that he would not go foraging any more for as long as he could not still his mind from desire. The snake had been trodden upon by a "holy cow" and had bitten the cow, accidentally killing it.

This narrative explores the stories of various animals and a hermit who each confront their weaknesses—anger, greed, and arrogance. A snake, having killed a cow in a moment of uncontrolled anger, vows

Hearing the Lord Buddha’s explanation, the Brahmin attained "Stream-Entry". This is an example of making effort representative of the third category of Right Effort on the worldly level arising from

ในบทเรียนนี้ เราจะทำความเข้าใจเกี่ยวกับ ความพยายามที่ถูกต้อง ร่วมทั้งการพัฒนาจิตสำนึกที่ถูกต้องในพระพุทธศาสนา โดยนำเสนอการรักษาคุณธรรมที่สงบ และการเจริญสติใน 4 ประการ เช่น การตั้งอยู่ในกาย อารมณ์ จิต

7.1 Monitoring Mindfulness This form of mindfulness is mindfulness that is constantly monitoring the level of wholesomeness in the mind — never letting wholesomeness slip away from the mind and its in

Monitoring mindfulness involves a constant awareness of the wholesomeness in the mind, akin to a treasurer who tracks the assets of an emperor. It encompasses the recognition of various virtues essent

the emperor. Similarly, discretional mindfulness monitors all mental phenomena — if it is unwholesome, then to try to reduce it. If it is wholesome, to give it the chance to grow. 8. Right Concentrat

This section discusses the concept of Right Concentration in mindfulness, highlighting its two essential characteristics: supporting role and focusing role. It draws analogies to illustrate how concen

The Three Cycles of Examination comprise: 1. Saccānāna: Knowledge of the existence of each Noble Truth over which the Lord Buddha had unequaled personal knowledge and which he could teach to others wi

The Three Cycles of Examination define knowledge concerning the Noble Truths which the Lord Buddha taught. Saccānāna pertains to the knowledge of each truth’s existence; Kiccanānā addresses the necess