Understanding Right Livelihood and Right Effort in Buddhism : หน้า 169/263

but the bodhisattva urged him on. The merchant, realizing what he had lost through his greed choked up blood. It was at this time that he vowed to get his revenge on the bodhisattva in every future lifetime. He was so upset that his heart burst and he fell down dead. Merchants who are honest, according to the example shown by the bodhisattva and who avoid taking shortcuts can be said to be of Right Livelihood. To buy wares cheaply in a country where they are cheap and resell them expensively in a country where they are expensive, if it is not outside the law, can still by considered as Right Livelihood. In general, everything excepted by Wrong Livelihood as explained above, can be considered Right Livelihood. 6. Right Effort Right Effort is composed of the Four Foundations of Effort, namely: 1. Avoidance of evils not yet done [saṃvara-padhāna]; 2. Abandonment of evils already done [pāhāna-padhāna]; 3. Development of virtues not yet done [bhāvanā-padhāna]; 4. Maintainance of virtues already mastered [anurak-khāna-padhāna] 6.1 The First Foundation of Effort The first foundation of effort is to avoid evils not yet done. This is well illustrated by the example of the bodhisattva in the Mora Jātaka (J.159, J.491): The bodhisattva was once born as a golden peacock with a body the size of a cart and eyes like bright red berries and its mouth pink like coral. The bird had a red aura too. Noticing his own beauty in the reflection of a pond,