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Registration On the 1st day, Yuwakalayanamitra register and get nametags from mentors. Everybody must wear name-tags throughout the camp as they help them to get to know one another. Those who fail to

At Yuwakalayanamitra camp, participants register and receive name-tags, essential for fostering connections. Warm greetings await them upon arrival, such as a 1-kilometer walk to the camp facility und

The Reality of the New Middle East The first step toward the formulation of a new policy is to understand the realities of the new Middle East as it is now. The three clusters of countries — Iran–Ira

The new Middle East is defined by three country clusters: Iran–Iraq, Lebanon–Syria, and Palestine–Israel, intertwined with issues such as nuclear proliferation and sectarianism. The U.S. faces not jus

albeit it is still inappropriate to talk about an axis. Iraq's problems, and possible solutions, are so closely intertwined with Iran that it is no longer possible to discuss solutions for Iraq withou

Iraq's current situation as a failed state is deeply intertwined with Iran's influence. The U.S. invasion has led to a power struggle, making it impossible for Iraq to function effectively. Political

Palestinian legislative elections to proceed credibly — but then led to an immediate American effort to overturn the result through any possible means. The Bush administration’s short attention span f

The text discusses the complications surrounding the Palestinian legislative elections and the subsequent U.S. effort to undermine the democratic outcome, particularly emphasizing the Bush administrat

22 THE NEW MIDDLE EAST few, limited in scope, carried out only when allowed by incumbent regimes, and dropped quickly when governments objected. After September 11, President Bush openly repudiated th

This text discusses the shift in U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East following the September 11 attacks. President Bush's declaration of aligning American values of freedom and security contrasted

retrenchment into a more ideological posture by a movement that has sought, but has so far been denied, a legitimate political role. The adoption and subsequent abandonment of the freedom agenda broug

The text discusses the complexities faced in promoting democracy in Arab nations, highlighting the influence of incumbent regimes resistant to political reform. It notes that, despite potential allies

But it is impossible to turn back the clock to more propitious circumstances. The biggest tension—between integrating Hamas and denying the movement its proclaimed goal of destroying Israel—can only b

The text discusses the challenges of integrating Hamas while managing its actions against Israel. It stresses the importance of regional pressures and U.S. support for a unified Palestinian government

Notes 1. See International Crisis Group report, Dealing With Iran’s Nuclear Program, November 2004. 2. See http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=texttrans-english&y=2007&m=April&x=200704181

This text discusses various reports and publications relevant to the geopolitical issues in the Middle East, with a specific focus on Iran's nuclear program, negotiations involving al-Qaddafi, and the

The Nong Pa Fa Cave manuscripts are quite old and one of them dates back to 2112 BE (1569 CE), or 441 years, which is extremely rare for a palm-leaf manuscript. The oldest manuscript, however, is kept

The Nong Pa Fa Cave manuscripts are ancient, with one dating back to 2112 BE (1569 CE). The oldest, from 1520 CE, resides in Luang Prabang. These writings in a Lao variant of Dhamma script include a c

IV. Reference 1: Dhammakāya as the Tathāgata’s Designation The first Pali reference to the term dhammakāya that is well known to all previous works is a passage in the Aggañña-sutta, wherein the term

This text discusses the term 'dhammakāya' as referenced in the Aggañña-sutta, emphasizing its importance in defining an heir of dhamma and the Tathāgata’s true son. The conversation between the Buddha

D.III.84 Vāsettha and Bhāradvāja, he whose confidence in the Tathāgata is settled, rooted, established, solid, irremovable by any ascetic or brahmin, any deva or Māra or Brahmā or anyone in the world

In this passage, Vāsettha and Bhāradvāja discuss the unwavering confidence in the Tathāgata, stating that those deeply rooted in dhamma can claim to be heirs of dhamma. The term 'dhammakāya' and its i

Gombrich, while differently translating the term in this passage as a bahubbiha compound 'dhamma-bodied,' similarly interprets it as an indication that the Buddha's true import is due to 'his teaching

This text delves into various scholars' interpretations of the term 'dhammakāya' within the context of early Pāli suttas. Gombrich views it as 'dhamma-bodied,' emphasizing that the essence of the Budd

Vin.II.192, A.IV.186, 210, 213 Just as a piece of clean cloth that is deprived of dirt would well-absorb the dye, the pure and clear eye of dhamma (dhammacakku) arose to the man, on that current seat

The text discusses the qualities of noble disciples in Buddhism, emphasizing the importance of clear perception of dhamma and the eradication of doubts and fetters. It describes the transformation exp

**43** This is, perhaps, as Eliade observes, ‘for the Buddha, one can be ‘saved’ only by attaining nirvāṇa - that is, by going beyond the plane of profane human experience and re-establishing the plan

Eliade suggests that for the Buddha, salvation comes through attaining nirvāṇa, transcending the mundane aspects of human life and entering an unconditioned state. This transformation entails a metaph

In the case that ‘brahma-’ refers to the masculine ‘Brahma’ In case of the term ‘brahma-’ in the three compounds50 being translated as a masculine ‘Brahma,’51 the comparison of the first and the third

In this text, the term 'brahma-' is analyzed in the context of its translation as the masculine 'Brahma.' It discusses how the comparison between the Tathāgata and the Brahma, the creator, illustrates

In regard to the different levels of dhammakāya, the canon talks about the different states of trainees (sekha) and non-trainees (asekha). The former refers to states in which a further course is yet

The text elaborates on the different levels of dhammakāya, categorizing trainees and non-trainees based on their qualities and practices. Trainees are seen as individuals who still have further course

Dhammapāla, like Buddhaghosa, employs the term dhammikāya mostly as a noun, and relates it either with the Buddha’s mental qualities and purity,134 with the Enlightenment either of the Buddha135 or hi

Dhammapāla discusses dhammikāya, relating it to the Buddha's mental qualities and Enlightenment. This term connects the Buddha's teachings and truths, illustrating his purity and extraordinary qualiti

III The Problem of the Imminent Extinction of Palm-Leaf Manuscripts in Sipsong Panna Buddhism in Sipsong Panna is characterised by its manuscript culture. However, today the number of the palm-leaf m

This text discusses the worrying decline of palm-leaf manuscripts in Sipsong Panna, where Buddhist manuscript culture is rich but facing imminent extinction. Key reasons include the autonomous nature

What kind of meditation did An Shigao introduce into Eastern Han China? An Shigao and other Central Asian translators were welcomed into Eastern Han China (25-220 CE), by the cultured elites who were

An Shigao, notable for his translations, played a key role in introducing meditation practices to Eastern Han China (25-220 CE). The prevalent form during this period was breathing meditation, particu

describing the practice of the four smrtyṣhānas associated with the breath (ānāpānasmṛti), and resulting the attainment of the three vimoksamukhās.42 An Shigao’s translation of the Ānāpānasmṛti Sūtra

This text delves into the practice of Ānāpānasmṛti, a significant Buddhist meditation focused on breath. It highlights An Shigao’s translation of the Ānāpānasmṛti Sūtra and its influence on later monk