Daoist Meditation in the Eastern Han Period
… or “fetus breathing,” tunai 吐納, or “expelling the old breath and drawing the new,” zhiguan 止觀, or “calmness and insight,” zuochan 坐禪, or “sitting meditation,” neidan 内丹, or “the inner alchemy.”63
According t…
In the Eastern Han period around 148 CE, Daoist meditation practices already existed, with references found in ancient texts like the Tao Te Ching. Practitioners sought immortality through various tec