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…ccesses the Bush administration has had: the involvement of Arab states. By cornering Hamas between regional pressure and domestic opinion demanding prosperity, it may be possible to wrest Hamas from pursui…

…enges of integrating Hamas while managing its actions against Israel. It stresses the importance of regional pressures and U.S. support for a unified Palestinian government to achieve peace. The document al…

…mall country without massive ambitions or ideological crusades, trying to maintain some role in the region. The confrontational tone of U.S. policy, coupled with the setting up of the Hariri tribunal by the…

This text discusses the need for a nuanced U.S. policy toward Syria, recognizing its limited ambitions while encouraging a shift away from its spoiler role in Lebanon and alignment with Iran. It furth

…itions of each country. Efforts should not be wrapped up in ambitious-sounding but ultimately empty regional programs, such as the Broader Middle East and North Africa Initiative. As for countries that do …

…olitical changes and points to the inevitable tensions between American values and interests in the region, which can undermine credibility in foreign policy. For more insights, visit dmc.tv.

About the Authors MARINA OTTAWAY is a senior associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Program and director of the Carnegie Middle East Program. Her most recent book, Beyond the Façade: Political Re

…litical scientist, investigates political participation dynamics and Islamist movements in the Arab region. Karim Sadjadpour, an associate at the Carnegie Endowment, specializes in Iranian politics and cont…

…ional networks, Endowment associates shape fresh policy approaches. Their interests span geographic regions and the relations between governments, business, international organizations, and civil society, f…

The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace is a nonprofit organization focused on fostering cooperation between nations and enhancing U.S. involvement globally. Established in 1910, this nonpartis

…0 November 13th, 2012 Our Ref: WFBY 36/2555 Mr Gwang-Jo Kim DIRECTOR UNESCO Bangkok Asia-Pacific Regional Bureau for Education Mom Luang Pin Malakul Centenary Building Prakanong, Klongtoey Bangkok, Thail…

The World Fellowship of Buddhist Youth (WFBY) has formally requested UNESCO to intervene against the planned copper mining at Mes Aynak, a site of crucial cultural and historical significance dating b

…m of a sixteenth century origin. It also adds to the notion of strong historical links between this region and the kingdom of Lan Na. Chanida Jantrasrisalai’s article explores the possible interpretations o…

This journal features an article by Anatole-Roger Peltier on a wooden chest containing palm-leaf manuscripts found in Laos. The texts, dated to the sixteenth century, reveal their roots in the Pāli ca

The manuscripts of the Nong Pa Fa Cave have two forms of writing: Dham Lao from Laos, and Dham Lanna from northern Thailand. These two scripts are very similar, especially on manuscripts dating back s

…ighlighted in these manuscripts underscore their importance in preserving Buddhist teachings in the region.

Buddhist Manuscripts in China: A Case Study of Theravāda Buddhist Manuscripts in Sipsong Panna (Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, PRC) Joe Zhou Ya China, like many other countries in the world, is a c

…xploration reveals the deep roots and ongoing significance of Buddhist practices and beliefs in the region, emphasizing how they are interwoven with the larger narrative of Chinese religious and cultural li…

…a Buddhist manuscripts in China Most of China's Theravāda Buddhist manuscripts come from the border regions of Yunnan Province in Southwestern China. This is where China's Theravāda Buddhist communities are…

This document provides an overview of Theravāda Buddhist manuscripts found in China, particularly in Yunnan Province. It discusses the significance of these manuscripts within the Dai community and hi

…work in Dai temples in places such as Menghai and interviewed the leading Buddhist monk(大佛爷) in the region, the abbot of Kublang Monastery (祜巴龙庄). According to this fieldwork, there are many palm-leaf manus…

This project aligns with the national focus on protecting religious culture in minority areas, specifically the Dai community in Yunnan. Research has identified more than 400 Dai Buddhist manuscripts,

are also certain exceptions to this. For example, Buddhist scriptures that are chanted daily are always copied on sa-paper manuscript for the convenience of page turning and reading. Secular literatur

…nd in palm-leaf formats. Thus, sa-paper represents a bridge between sacred and secular texts in the region's culture and traditions.

…rmat. The jäṭaka Wexiandala is the most popular and influential form of Buddhist classic in the Dai region. This jäṭaka promotes dāna (贪), or Buddhist generosity, as the highest form of merit. A folded (摺夹装…

Volume 98 Khuddaka-nikāya and Volume 99 Majjhima-nikāya are primarily in 5-6 line formats, while Volume 100 Digha-nikāya is formatted with 4-5 lines per page. The jäṭaka Wexiandala represents a key Bu

…used to write these manuscripts is also different.13 The Buddhist manuscripts of the Sipsong Panna region are mainly copied (sa-paper manuscripts) or inscribed (palm-leaf manuscripts) by Buddhist monks aft…

This text discusses the unique tradition of Buddhist manuscripts among the Dai people in Dehong Autonomous Prefecture of Yunnan, where various types of manuscripts are produced. Most texts utilize sa-

Conclusion Numerous palm-leaf and sa-paper manuscripts exist in the Dai regions in Southwestern China. These Buddhist manuscripts, copied and inscribed in Pāli and the Dai langua…

…servation of these manuscripts represents a vital step in promoting cultural heritage and fostering regional connections, highlighting the necessity of continued efforts in this grand task.

…rasia) รว้ก้าวร้อยปีก่อนการประสูติของพระสมณโคดม ดินแดน “ภูมิภาคตอนกลางหนึ่งเดียว” (A Single Central Region) หรือยูเรเซียนี้ มีได้เป็นบ้านป่าเมืองเรือน แต่มีความเจริญด้วย

พุทธศาสนาได้แผ่ขยายไปทั่วโลกในระยะเวลาหลังพุทธกาล 500 ปี ในทิศตะวันตกประสบปัญหาหลายด้าน ทำให้บางส่วนของศาสนาอาจถูกกลบและซ่อนอยู่ ขณะที่ในทิศเหนือยังมีการพิทักษ์รักษา แต่ก็ยังถูกผลกระทบจากกระแสศาสนาอื่

Kandy: Buddhist publication Society. Dietz, Siglinde. 2007. "Buddhism in Gandhāra." In A. Heirman and S. P. Bumbacher, eds., *The spread of Buddhism*, pp. 49-74. Leiden ; Boston: Brill. Dutt, Nali

…n specific manuscripts, shedding light on the evolution and cultural impacts of Buddhism in various regions. Major contributors include scholars like Patricia Buckley Ebrey, Harry Falk, and others, who prov…

…Buddhist College, Jinshan, New Taipei City, Taiwan. Zürcher, E. 1990. "Han Buddhism and the Western Region." in A. F. P. Hulsewé, W. L. Idema and E. Zürcher, eds., *Thought and Law in Qin and Han China: Stu…

เนื้อหานี้พูดถึงการศึกษาและค้นคว้าบทบาทของพุทธศาสนาในวัฒนธรรมและการดำรงอยู่ของสังคมในภาคอธิปไตย โดยเฉพาะในจีน รวมถึงการแพร่กระจายและการปรับตัวของพระพุทธศาสนาในประวัติศาสตร์ พร้อมอ้างอิงจากผลงานวิจัยแล

…ose mind is impure could not see Buddha. As a result, now there are Buddhas and Bodhisattvas in ten regions, however, who come to save the beings, but these beings [whose mind is impure] are capable to see.…

บทความนี้สำรวจหลักธรรมที่ถูกบันทึกในคัมภีร์พุทธโบราณ โดยกล่าวถึงการที่ beings ไม่สามารถเห็นพระพุทธเจ้าได้เนื่องจากกรรมที่มีอยู่ หากใจไม่บริสุทธิ์ โดยมีการอ้างอิงถึงพระพุทธเจ้าที่ส่งแสงนำทาง แต่การเห็น

Jayawardhana, Somapala. 1994. *Handbook of Pali Literature*. Colombo: Karanaratne and Sons Ltd. Macdonell, Arthur. 1974. *A Sanskrit Grammar for Students*. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. Malalasekera,

…e of Pali literature in the Buddhist context and its relation to broader literary traditions in the region. For more insights, visit dmc.tv.