Buddhist Manuscript Formats in Dai Region : หน้า 94/141
DIRI Journal : หน้า 94/141 Explore the various formats of Buddhist manuscripts in the Dai region, highlighting the significance of dāna in traditional texts.
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สรุปเนื้อหา
Volume 98 Khuddaka-nikāya and Volume 99 Majjhima-nikāya are primarily in 5-6 line formats, while Volume 100 Digha-nikāya is formatted with 4-5 lines per page. The jäṭaka Wexiandala represents a key Buddhist text promoting dāna, or generosity, as the highest merit. An example is a palm-leaf scripture collected by my Research Center in a 5-line format, showcasing varied manuscript formats such as 14-21 lines depending on paper size. Most common are 17-line formats found in numerous jäṭaka texts. The Theravāda manuscripts in Sipsong Panna utilize the Tai Yuan “Dhamma” script, with few able to read the traditional version. Modern adaptations exist, though they lack essential phonetic elements for accurately representing the Dai language in scripture. For further insights, visit dmc.tv.
หัวข้อประเด็น
-Buddhist Manuscript Formats
-Significance of Dāna
-Theravāda Buddhism
-Tai Yuan Dhamma Script
-Dai Culture and Language
ข้อความต้นฉบับในหน้า
Volume 98 Khuddaka-nikāya (小阿含经) and Volume 99 Majjhima-nikāya (中阿含经) are all in 5-line to 6-line format manuscripts; Volume 100 Digha-nikāya (长阿含经) is in 4-line to 5-line-format. The jäṭaka Wexiandala is the most popular and influential form of Buddhist classic in the Dai region. This jäṭaka promotes dāna (贪), or Buddhist generosity, as the highest form of merit. A folded (摺夹装) palm-leaf scripture of Weixiandala (维先达膩) collected by my Research Center, is a 5-line-format manuscript. The formats of sa-paper manuscripts are varied. Manuscript pages may have 14,15,16,17,19,20,21 lines depending on the size of the paper; the most common is the 17-line format which is often seen in jäṭaka manuscripts such as Bo Huan Ban Ga (千瓣莲花), Yu Nan Miao (玉啾妙), and Ai O Jin Han (笨人吃笨). The flipping-folded sa-paper manuscripts contain between 5 to 11 lines per page. Examples of such manuscripts include Volume 15 Tam Xian Meng Zong Bu (召召 enthusiast and) (reproduced in The Complete Collection of Chinese Palm-Leaf Scripture) and the two versions of the Karma Saying (碓磨说) manuscript processed with cattle blood and mentioned above.
Theravāda Buddhist manuscripts in Sipsong Panna are written in Daile (this is how the Dai pronunciation of “Pāli” is rendered in Chinese pinyin) using Tai Yuan “Dhamma” script.11 Today, few Dai people can read and write this traditional script as it is taught in Buddhist temples to the men who are ordained as Buddhist novices and monks.12
11 For more on the Tai Dhamma scripts, see Grabowsky, op.cit...
12 A modernized, simplified version of the traditional script has been developed to some render the Dai language as part of the national ethnic minority educational policies. After the 1950s Zanha Librettos and narrative poems have been producing using the New Dai characters. But because of the secular nature of the new script, and because this script lacks elements such as the retroflexes (弾舌音) and sibilants 連続音 necessary for spelling Daile, it is not used for Buddhist scriptures.
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