นิรวาณและแนวคิดในพุทธศาสนา : หน้า 65/115

นิรวาณ Nirvana อายะ/อารยัน Aryans, ancient people of Asia who spoke an Indo-European language and called themselves Ariyas (“noble ones”). Sometime between 2000 B.C. and 1000 B.C. the Ariyas migrated south from Central Asia into the Indian subcontinent and westward through the Balkan Peninsula. They introduced the Sanskrit language to India. อาสยะ mental impurities; pollution; mental defilement อาสาฮิปูนชะ Asalha Puja, Buddhist religious day on the full moon day of the 8th lunar month (July). -- This marks the day the Buddha delivered his first discourse known as Dharmmacakka-pavattana Sutta (“Setting into Motion the Wheel of Dhamma”) to his five original disciples. In this discourse, the Buddha advised that one should live the Middle Way, avoiding the two extremes: sensual indulgence and self-mortification. Here, the Buddha preached the Four Noble Truths (the truths of suffering) and the Noble Eightfold Path (the Path to end suffering). This occasion is considered to be the starting point of Buddhism. It is also the day the Sangha came into existence, thus the Sangha Day. อาสัณฑกรรรมใกล้สายตา ‘Death-threshold Kamma’, state of mind at the time of death. อิจฉา envy อิทธิ supernatural power อิทธิบาท 4 (Iddhipada 4) Four Foundations of Success, consisting of: 1. Inspiration (chanda) – to be happy to work and ready to work to one’s best ability; to have enthusiasm and to have for one’s work.