การวิเคราะห์วิถีทางพระพุทธศาสนา : หน้า 5/38

164 ธรรมาธรรม วิเคราะห์วิถีทางพระพุทธศาสนา ปีที่ 6 ฉบับที่ 1 (ฉบับรวมที่ 10) ปี 2563 Mahāyāna Buddhism: Reasons for Diversity in the Buddha’s Teachings SASAKI Shizuka Abstract Buddhism in the period of Śākyamuni Buddha, had a core idea of achieving Dharma for liberation from saṃsāra, which is “Eliminating craving as means to attain Dharma requires self-training.” On the other hand, Mahāyāna Buddhism, especially Early Mahāyāna Buddhism, took an idea in opposition that, “The key to achieving Dharma is not by one’s own abilities but by external powers.” It is interesting how Mahāyāna Buddhism has a strikingly different concept of liberation to the teachings of Śākyamuni Buddha. When we look back at historical events before the emergence of Mahāyāna Buddhism, one factor that can be claimed to be essential for giving rise to Mahāyāna Buddhism is the “diversity” of Buddhism in the King Aśoka’s period. Diversity affords opportunities for changes in thinking and