Eastern Han Buddhist Meditation and Daoism : หน้า 131/141
DIRI Journal : หน้า 131/141 Exploration of the integration of Buddhist meditation and Daoist terminology in Eastern Han China.
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สรุปเนื้อหา
By the first century CE, Buddhism had begun to take root in China, with translators arriving from Central Asia and India to convert texts into Chinese. They initially faced challenges in accurately conveying Buddhist concepts, often using Daoist terminology for clarity. Notable was An Shigao's use of the Daoist 'shou' for meditation, representing concentration efforts. Throughout the Eastern Han Period (25-220 CE), terms like 'si' and 'cun' were adopted to describe Buddhist meditative practices. This strategic use of Daoist language facilitated the acceptance and understanding of Buddhism among the Chinese population, making the foreign teachings more relatable during this transformative time for Chinese spirituality. More insights can be found at dmc.tv.
หัวข้อประเด็น
-Buddhism in China
-Eastern Han period
-Daoist influence on Buddhism
-Translation challenges
-Meditation practices
ข้อความต้นฉบับในหน้า
Eastern Han Buddhist meditation and Daoism
By the middle of the first century CE, a Buddhist community was already in existence in China, and growing. The arrival of translators from Central Asia and India, was a consequence of the great demand for Buddhist texts to be translated from foreign languages into Chinese. At first, translators had some difficulty in finding the exact words to explain Buddhist concepts in Chinese.54 These early translators employed the ke yi 格義 “method of analogy”, which Mair calls “matching concepts” or “matching meanings,” and used Daoist terms to explain Buddhist concepts.55 For example, An Shigao borrowed the Daoist term for meditation shou 守 “guarding or observing”56 which “was used to denote the effort of concentration of mind,”57 this can be seen in the Chinese translation of the title of the Da Anban shouyi jing 大安般守意經 “Great Ānāpānasmṛti Sūtra.” Toward the end of Eastern Han Period (25-220 CE) Daoist meditation terms such as si 思 “think or contemplate”, sixiang 思想 " contemplate and imagine" , sicun 思存 " contemplate and preserve", " cun 存 " preserve" were borrowed to explain another type of Buddhist meditation si 思 “think or contemplate”, sixiang 思想 " contemplate and imagine", sicun思存 " contemplate and preserve", cun 存 " preserve" were borrowed to explain another type of Buddhist meditation si 思 “think or contemplate”, sixiang 思想 " contemplate and imagine", sicun思存 " contemplate and preserve", cun 存 " preserve".58 The use of Daoist terminology to translate Buddhist concepts helped Chinese people to accept the “foreign” teachings of the Buddha during this early period.59
54 Buddha Dharma Education Association & BuddhaNet, “The Buddhist World: Buddhism in East Asia - China, Korean, Japan,” 2011-11-18, n.d., para. 2–5, http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhistworld/east-asia.htm.
55 Mair, “What is Geyi, After All?”, 228–243.
56 Ann Heirman and Stephan Peter Bumbacher, The spread of Buddhism (BRILL, 2007), 219.
57 Livia Kohn and Yoshinobu Sakade, Daoist meditation and longevity techniques (Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan, 1989), 152.
58 Heirman and Bumbacher, The spread of Buddhism, 219.
59 Buddha Dharma Education Association & BuddhaNet, “The Buddhist World: Buddhism in East Asia - China, Korean, Japan,” 2–5.
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