Understanding Suffering in Buddhism : หน้า 51/263

depressed and dejected. 1.1.8 Feeling slighted [domanassa] : This is when one has a 'chip on one's shoulder' (to be aggressively sensitive about a particular thing or bear a grudge). 1.1.9 Bemoaning [upäyassa] : This is the suffering that causes you to bemoan something missed. 1.1.10 Exposure to hateful things [apiyehi sampayoga] : This is the suffering that causes cloudedness, grief, melancholy and heart-break as the result of coming into contact with things to which we are averse. 1.1.11 Separation from loved ones and treasured things [piyehi vipayoga] : This is the suffering arising when one is separated from the beings and mental formations we love. 1.1.12 Disappointment [yam piccham na labhati] : This is the suffering with the character of non-fulfillment of wishes when one is not gratified in the things one was hoping for. These twelve different sorts of suffering are of the nature to bring misery to all living beings. The only certain thing in the life of every living being is that one will have to encounter the misery of suffering at some time in one’s life. There is no-one who can evade the misery of suffering. For all of these reasons, the Lord Buddha taught us that suffering is of the nature to bring misery. 1.2. Suffering as conditioning This second characteristic of suffering demonstrates the inter-relation with the second Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering. The Lord Buddha taught that suffering only arises because it is conditioned to arise by craving. There is nothing more directly responsible for the arising of suffering than craving.