The Noble Truths of Suffering : หน้า 11/263

4 The Noble Truth of Suffering ........................................... 57 Every Living Being is a Victim of Suffering 57 • Suffering as a result of Birth 58 • The Suffering of Internment in the Womb 60 • The Suffering of Physical Shocks to the Womb 60 • The Suffering of Unnatural Childbirth 61 • The Suffering of Undergoing Childbirth 61 • The Suffering of being cleaned up after birth 61 • The Suffering of Curtailed Life 62 • The Suffering of Wounds in Combat 62 • The Suffering of Birth in the Hell Realms 62 • The Suffering of Birth in the Animal Kingdom 62 • The Suffering of Birth in the Realm of the Hungry Ghosts 63 • Suffering as a result of Aging 63 • Metaphors for Suffering as a result of Aging 63 • Suffering as a result of Illness 66 • Suffering as a result of Dying 67 • Sorrow 69 • Lamentation 70 • Pain 70 • Resentment 70 • Bemoaning 71 • Exposure to hateful things 71 • Separation from loved ones and treasured things 72 • Disappointment 72 • Clinging to the Five Aggregates 72 • Metaphors for the Importance of the Aggregates of Clinging 73 5 The Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering ..................................... 77 The root of suffering is Craving 93 • The Three Forms of Craving 78 • Craving for Sense Pleasures 78 • Craving for the Form Realms 78 • Craving for the Formless Realms 79 • Craving for Sense Pleasure leads to the Hell Realms 80 • The Universe is too small to contain Sense-Craving 82 • Craving as the Cause of Unwholesome Behaviours 82 • Liberation entails extinguishing of the Three Cravings 84 • Metaphors for Craving 87 • The Wise See the Body as no more than Excrement 90 • The Physical Body is the Crossroads for Suffering 90 • The Physical Body is a Storehouse of Unwholesome-ness 91 • The Nine Supreme Transcendental Attainments 91 • Forgo Sensual Pleasure to Gain Liberation 91 6 The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering ..................................... 93 Extinguishing Suffering means Extinguishing Craving 94 • How can Craving be Extinguished? 95 • Numerous are those who have attained Buddhist Sainthood 100 • The Noble Monk who discovered the Dhammakaya Tradition 102 • Majjhima Patipada is the Middle Way of practice 103 • The Dhamma Body is made of Transcendental Aggregates 108 • Dhammakāya is the Body of Enlightenment 109 • Pathama Magga is the Trailhead to Nirvana 112 • Clarification of Vocabulary concerning Nirvana 113 • The Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering: A Conclusion 115