The Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering : หน้า 53/263

2. Explanation of the Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering The Lord Buddha’s explanation of the Origin of Suffering includes all four of the Origin of Suffering’s implications in the light of the Four Noble Truths: 2.1. The Origin of Suffering as compiled 2.2. The Origin of Suffering as a cause 2.3. The Origin of Suffering as a controller 2.4. The Origin of Suffering as an anxiety 2.1 The Origin of Suffering as Compiled This is the direct explanation of the Noble Truth of the Origin of Suffering. It implicates craving as the universal initiator and the elaborator of Suffering with all living beings as its victims. Craving itself can be divided into two sorts: . 2.1.1. Self-centred craving [attattathanā]: The craving for advantages for oneself in terms of possessions and retinue. 2.1.2. Retinue-centred craving [parattathanā]: The craving for advantages for those who are close to oneself, such as one’s wife and children. If one is unfulfilled in either or both of these two forms of craving, then one will suffer from continuous misery. Even if one gets everything one wants, it is never as quick as one wants, bringing one disappointment, anxiety and confusion — and it is the same for every sort of living being in the Three Planes of Existence. All have craving at the root of the suffering they experience. Even the smallest of animals has to eke out advantages for itself and its nearest and dearest, in spite of the intervening dangers. The resulting outcome is always suffering. Thus craving is at the root of every form of suffering.